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Lesson
As larger contracts experienced more delays compared to shorter contracts, in future projects, shorter-length contracts may be considered. The termination of contractors was observed to be due to their non-proactive approach while working in discontinuous encumbrance-free stretches of road, poor planning, and inadequate financial capability. Instead of terminating contracts, it would be more desirable to make encumbrance-free land available upfront, release retention money, and create escrow accounts—which were approaches that were successfully implemented.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong coordination between ADB and the executing agency, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), and the high level of government ownership of the program were the keys to developing a program focused on the vulnerable sections of society and to delivering an effective response to the pandemic at unprecedented speed and scale. The program supported key initiatives of the government to mitigate pandemic impacts. ADB and the DEA closely interacted to monitor and report on the progress of program implementation.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program had multiple value-additions to strengthening the resilience of the health care system, including strengthening the capacity of intensive care units, staff capacity, laboratory infrastructure, supply chains, and the capacity for testing. It also improved surveillance and supported the adoption of a new IT-based unified health surveillance system. Furthermore, it\] scaled up research interventions for identifying new pathogens, and deployment of newer medical technology through national research institutions.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of readily available and measurable social and economic data can limit the scope of the design and monitoring framework (DMF). The CPRO loan supported 12 schemes of the PMGKY program, which extended insurance cover for health workers, cash transfers, food and fuel transfers, and employment guarantees.. However, the DMF included only eight schemes for monitoring as part of the CPRO loan because specific results and performance Indicators could not be devised during appraisal considering the urgency of the requirement for assistance.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It might be better for performance-based maintenance (PBM) contracts to be integrated into the civil works contracts to expedite its adoption in future projects. Procurement of a separate contract, particularly a PBM contract, for post-construction maintenance after completion of the civil works contracts is a major concern for any government agency as it involves various channels and processes for seeking internal government approvals.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Instituting a dedicated project account can instill cash flow discipline and ensure the exclusive use of payments for the project thus avoiding cash flow problems that can hinder work progress. Contractors in road construction projects in India generally face cash flow issues while executing the project because the funds they receive are diverted from the project to other purposes. This disrupts progress.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A timely and amicable settlement of disagreements between the executing agency and consultants and/or contractors should be worked out to the extent possible to avoid court cases and minimize the associated costs. The executing agency (EA) terminated the contract of the consultant for institutional capacity development on grounds of performance. As a result, both parties presented arguments to the dispute board and the matter is under the purview of Honorable High Court of Jharkhand.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Meticulous collection and reporting of sex-segregated quantitative data aided timely implementation and achievement of the targets in the Gender action plan (GAP). They were particularly helpful in tracking project Gender equality impacts and pointing to areas needing focused attention. As result, the GAP completed all its planned activities and achieved all its quantitative targets. In addition, the project also strengthened women’s self-help groups in the project areas and linked them with financial institutions.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
An effective data or document management system for the project is critical to ensure data availability and consistency even after the project has been completed. Through an attached technical assistance, the project provided capacity development workshops to the Meghalaya State Skill Development Society and relevant government agencies in data collection, data consistency, and quality assurance.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Active involvement of line agencies from project inception stage until completion and handover to urban local bodies (ULBs) ensured effective asset transfer planning and budgeting for smooth operation and maintenance (O&M) and sustainability of asset. O&M has been designed into the project, with contractors required to submit to ULBs O&M manuals, technical data, troubleshooting methodologies, and rehabilitation and restoration of electro-mechanical systems. The O&M cell was instituted in August 2009 and was adequately staffed under the MFF.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Government schools need to be included in future similar projects. While government-aided private schools were included, it was not clear why government schools that required enhancement support the most were completely exempted from the project scope.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive community consultations and information dissemination helped improve the uptake of infrastructure services and hygiene practices. Focusing on behavioral change among the poor and vulnerable population groups and working through behavioral change leaders and women's self-help groups, the project significantly helped reduce open defecation practices. To sustain interventions that induce rapid adoption of improved sanitation services, it trained women-led community-based committees to promote public hygiene and maintain community toilets in slums.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Upfront capacity development support before sanctioning project finance will help expedite project implementation. At appraisal, weak capacity of the executing agency was identified as among the key risks to the project. Capacity development support was provided through an attached technical assistance, which was also instrumental in putting the project on track after a significant startup delay. On hindsight, the delays may have been minimized if capacity development support was provided prior to loan approval.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Limited understanding of contractors of complex site conditions impacted their performance, delayed implementation, and often resulted in contract termination; About 30% of the total cost of civil works were contracted before loan signing and over 90% of total contracts awarded by 2014.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer project implementation period is necessary in projects with geographically challenging state terrain. The completion of this project was extended twice, for a total of 18 months, basically because of startup delays. Despite the delays that amounted to 30% overrun, completing the project in 6.5 years is a remarkable achievement for a first-time executing agency and for the first multisector project in the human development sector in a geographically challenging terrain.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date: