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Lesson
ADB needs to be persistent in organizing outreach endeavors to update SASEC countries’ officials, ministries of power, sector regulators, planning agencies, and other stakeholders about significant trends in regional cooperation. It can build upon and maximize the results of this TA which has played a crucial role in enabling SASEC members to develop a conducive environment for investment decisions and project design in cross border electricity trade and regional gas cooperation.

Project Number: 52070-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Regional Energy Cooperation
Report Date:
Lesson
In a federal–provincial type of country having multiple government structures, sectoral functions, and finances are intricately interwoven. Factoring such institutional arrangements fully while designing projects is critical and requires extra effort to ensure an effective coordination and coherence.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
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Lesson
Court cases and stay orders, due to compensation complaints, can cause unnecessary project delays. Court cases and stay orders secured by a few landowners, despite being awarded due compensation approved by competent authority, hampered project implementation. Some cases were resolved quickly, while others lingered, waiting for court resolution.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The envisaged institutional arrangements for safeguards need to be fully functional from commencement to the closure of projects. This would allow the safeguards performance of projects to improve, as was the case with the environmental performance of this project which improved over time, with increased monitoring and coordination by the project staff.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Discussion on investments in the Madhya Pradesh power sector can complement other programs of the Government of India and Government of Madhya Pradesh. Even after providing over $1.5 billion, it is unclear if the Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission Company Limited and the discoms would be able to meet future demand growth without ADB support.

Project Number: 47100-004
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission and Distribution System Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A proper evaluation and approval process during project implementation can reduce noncompliance issues during the safeguard assessment. Updates to safeguard documents need to be timely completed to avoid implementataio disruptions. For example, the government land considered during project design for the construction of a substation had to be changed to private land. However, the resettlement plan was not updated.

Project Number: 47101-003
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Identifying measures implemented by distribution companies (discoms) to eliminate commercial losses is a key sustainability issue. Data indicates that Discom-W is successful so key success factors can be transferred to the other discoms.

Project Number: 47100-004
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission and Distribution System Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, including an exit strategy, helps improve the design of long-term support for the power sector. Therefore, the supervision of the investment program needs to closely track the capital works being implemented by the executing agencies using their own funds, and the assistance provided by other agencies, including complementary programs initiated by the government. Any gaps should be then filled by utilizing loan savings. ADB started supporting the Madhya Pradesh power sector over 20 years ago and the approved loans add up to $1,720 million.

Project Number: 43467-014, 43467-016
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
ADB’s ability to effectively monitor safeguard and technical due diligence issues arise when the loans are financially closed before works are completed.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear sector assessment and plan can strategically enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of sector investments. The sustained government plan of the Prime Minister’s Rural Road Program (PMGSY) provided a strong foundation for the sector to have a clear set of subprojects and financing commitments from the government. In addition, its priority to operate and manage these roads sustainably led to a more relevant design focused on the non-physical component of investments—road management, road audit, and road safety.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
A project performance management system (PPMS), which was not included in the project design, could have been beneficial for identifying, quantifying, and valuing economic benefits, and help in evaluating the extent of the project’s effectiveness and sustainability

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing a financial operation and maintenance (O&M_ mechanism during project design and preparation plays a critical role in ensuring project sustainability, specifically when the government’s resource capacity is limited. For example, appropriate identification of tariff policies, revenue streams, and cost recovery mechanisms at the onset to support the O&M cost will help in ensuring the project sustainability, as well as in sustaining the project benefits.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Unclear or lack of institutional arrangements and inappropriate deployment of consultants are a serious deterrent to the systematic Implementation of environmental management plans and social safeguards.

Project Number: 40648-013, 40648-037
Project Name: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
India's policy on land acquisition needs an amendment in cases where sufficient land for improvement is not voluntarily available. This would allow for permission te be granted outside the scope of the policy, as necessary. As of 2022, the Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Program (PMGSY)is being implemented with no land acquisition. Where land is required, only voluntary-based possession is allowed. If sufficient land cannot be pooled on a voluntary basis, a geometric design is used as a compromise. However, these locations may become accident black spots.

Project Number: 48266-002, 48226-004
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date: