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Lesson
Need for clear identification of the role of the project management consultant. The expected role of the project management consultant for the investment program was unclear in the beginning, and the original terms of reference did not properly define the tasks and deliverables of each expert, which resulted in considerable refinements to the terms of reference during implementation. The roles and responsibilities should have been properly defined during project preparation.

Project Number: 41121-023
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Water user association involvement in rehabilitation works yielded better quality and more efficient implementation than similar works implemented by contractors. The water users association and water users association federation were also willing to contribute their own resources to the work program.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of prorated financing across the three sources of funds for all expenditure categories should be avoided. Adequate initial advances to imprest accounts should be provided to minimize pre-financing of loan activities through government temporary accounts. The fund flow mechanism adopted by Directorate General of Regional Development for regional activities should not be used in future projects.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for realistic cost estimates. During implementation it was realized that costs for civil works and consulting services had been overestimated, and that contingencies were excessive, which resulted in cancellation of 33.8% of the loan proceeds. Furthermore, various changes in scopes and designs were required to accommodate the geological conditions and needs of local populations, which had not been identified at design stage.

Project Number: 41121-023
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The project has shown that the participatory approach in irrigation development and management is a feasible concept and that farmers are eager to be involved with irrigation operation and maintenance (O&M) and management. The involvement of water users association and water users association federation in the irrigation commission provided a good approach to address irrigation water distribution, cropping patterns, and O&M planning and implementation.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The agricultural program was initially limited to classroom training, but adjusted to promote field level agriculture demonstrations and rehabilitation of tertiary irrigation canals. It was very successful and contributed to the high economic returns of the project.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project developed good coordination across the three executing and implementing agencies both horizontally and vertically, which was essential to deliver project outcomes that relied on an integrated approach.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure government ownership and good management. Government ownership and good management are essential. Ministry of Religious Affairs demonstrated strong ownership of the project by making sufficient financial, human, and technical resources available in a timely manner. Good coordination and communication among all project stakeholders, i.e., ADB, government agencies, madrasahs, consultants, and communities, are key factors in the success of the project.

Project Number: 37475-013
Project Name: Madrasah Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Proper evaluation of capacity development would help assess the utility of current investment and justify further investment in human resource development. A large number of staff in health service delivery received training or fellowships under the project. However, there has not been any attempt to document actual benefits stemming from this investment. A proper analysis will help the central, provincial, and district governments to determine skills gaps that can be targeted over the next couple of decades.

Project Number: 34007-012, 34007-022
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should be realistic about the capacity of counterparts to handle intensive procurement, according to ADB rules. In this case, procurement picked up significantly after a full-time procurement specialist was hired to support the project management office.

Project Number: 35261-013
Project Name: Sustainable Capacity Building for Decentralization Project
Report Date: