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Lesson
Substantial evidence demonstrates that community-driven development (CDD) approaches are more effective than other approaches to basic infrastructure development. Evidence also indicates that CDD is likely to offer better cost recovery and maintenance of completed infrastructure facilities and services because of the strong sense of ownership of the community members. In addition, CDD leads to better accountability. Transparency in decision making and procurement and increased use of audits have demonstrably reduced corruption and leakage of public funds.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community facilitators must be qualified and committed, and enough time must be set aside for community empowerment activities, to ensure that community members are sufficiently involved in prioritizing their needs, developing investment proposals, and making decisions. [Main text, para. 65(ii)]

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Involving the beneficiaries at all stages of planning and implementation of upgrading activities and promoting inclusive community empowerment are critical in ensuring pro-poor investments and sustainability.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An important lesson is the importance of integrating project funds and activities into government processes, wherever possible. The separation of Decentralized Basic Education Project funds for districts from district government budget mechanisms weakened the link between district education development plans and the annual budgeting process, and made district capacity building less effective.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project framework was not stressed sufficiently by ADB during loan implementation. As a result, the government and the central facilitation unit were not fully aware of all of the objectives of the project. Further, as district project management teams were under considerable political pressure to accelerate the implementation of project activities, the project came to be viewed primarily as a funding mechanism and the emphasis on district capacity development tended to be lost.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the development of district-based education information systems to strengthen district-based planning. Although most districts were still producing annual education statistics, there is room to improve data quality and the use of data in planning and management. Central Ministry of National Education maintains education statistics for the provinces; in the districts, all data are accessible through the districts themselves.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The experience of the project indicates the importance of systematic record keeping in addition to ongoing monitoring and evaluation. Although implementation was generally satisfactory, there was poor documentation and recording at the central and district levels of activities and updated data relating to project activities, output, and outcomes.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexible management by the government and ADB allowed a complex project to be implemented successfully in a rapidly changing environment. Good communication from the project management team, together with flexible support from ADB, allowed project implementation to adapt to the changing legal and administrative environment while retaining the basic project rationale and objectives. ADB project supervision would have been enhanced if there had been greater continuity of project officers.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date: