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Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure should be built to last. Frequent damage to irrigation facilities caused by flooding and landslides is a big threat to the sustainability of infrastructure improvements. Considering the poor watershed management in the areas surrounding subprojects and incompatible land uses (e.g., hilly land corn farming above the irrigated rice fields), the construction of irrigation infrastructure needs to improve. Preventive and protective measures need to be taken to guard against recurring intense rainfalls and extreme weather events.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure adequate monitoring of performance indicators throughout implementation, including baseline data and making adjustments where needed to reflect the actual scope of the project.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Include sufficient support for project management during early project implementation

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An SDP approach increases the transaction costs compared with a programmatic approach. It is, however, a useful transition in supporting the development of a sector, and in establishing collaboration between MOF and line ministries (such as MOH or others). A CDTA grant or loan attached to an SDP or a program increases the chances of successful development of the sector.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The successful implementation of HSDP is the result of ADB’s long-term commitment to the health sector in the Lao PDR. Long-term commitment and policy dialogue built on trust and confidence between ADB and MOH, and the government, in general. The SDP modality was proposed by ADB in 2007 for the Health System Development Project but MOH was not yet confident enough about the support of MOF. Policy dialogue continued and in 2009, MOH and MOF were ready for an SDP approach.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Need to better identify barriers to access and use of primary health care services by the intended beneficiaries. HSDP addressed supply-side issues, but demand for services needs to be increased and oriented through better information and communication, and social marketing addressed to the beneficiaries. The health sector needs to mobilize other sectors to achieve health for all. Some barriers cannot be reduced by the health sector alone.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The recruitment of consultants took longer than expected. Again, the PCR did not indicate the reason for the delays although the complexity of the consultancy contract may have been partly responsible. Under the project, implementation consultants were to be hired under a single contract yet this was divided into two packages—one to be financed by AFD and the other by ADB. This is an unusual arrangement and assistance from ADB and AFD during the recruitment process may have helped facilitate and expedite the recruitment process.

Project Number: 33356-013, 33356-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for ADB to be proactive and to keep an open dialogue with the government to minimize any delay in loan effectiveness. The PCR did not identify the reason for the long delay, nor did it mention any attempt by ADB to resolve any difficulty that was causing the delay. The Lao PDR is not a new borrower from ADB and is, therefore, generally familiar with the requirements of loan effectiveness, hence, potential problem caused by new procedure or policies of the government should have been identified during project preparation and measures to mitigate these should have been included.

Project Number: 33356-013, 33356-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better coordination with other development partners and government agencies during the original project design stage could have helped avoid the need to re-formulate the rural roads component and strengthened the government's commitment to make counterpart funds available on a timely basis. Robust design and monitoring framework (DMF) preparation is essential for setting clear project objectives, targets and performance indicators within a logical results chain.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Funding is necessary, but is not sufficient for building capacity in the provinces and districts as they move to decentralized governance. Strengthening regulatory arrangements and institutional capacity is dependent on good management and financial procedures. A number of the provinces have increased management and technical competency and can play a valuable role through mentoring and/or twinning programs to help expand successful initiatives to others provinces.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The coverage for the health equity fund (HEF) scheme supported by the program increased from three pilot provinces to cover all eight target provinces. This resulted in a higher number of eligible beneficiaries and health service utilization by the poor. Despite this, a large percentage of the eligible beneficiaries were not accessing the free HEF-funded services.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program tested a new fund flow mechanism for the health sector. Based on the successful trial the government has increased funding for health at the provincial level, resulting in expanded health services coverage, particularly for maternal, newborn, and child health care (MNCH) services and the provision of free health care for the poor.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project provides a good example of the need for sound in-depth analysis of political economy conditions at design to confirm that the policy and institutional setting are ready for intended changes/reforms. This should be matched with the flexibility (by ADB and government) to quickly adapt implementation arrangements and activity plans in response to changes in institutional arrangements.

Project Number: 33356-014, 33356-013
Project Name: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Concentrating effort on farmer production and marketing groups (FPMGs) through a learning-by-doing process turned what was a pilot project at the outset into a demonstration at completion. FPMGs were shown to be successful as units for production and marketing, extension delivery, provision of skills and technology and as contracted primary suppliers. However, the project's approach was costly in terms of scale because FPMGs required intensive support. Although all groups still exist at completion it is not clear how they may expand or be replicated.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Output and outcome performance monitoring was generally limited to the baseline, midterm and end of program survey. Key core performance data should be collected, analyzed and reported on a quarterly basis, in alignment with standard government indicators. This provides provinces and the national level with an up-to-date status of program performance and comparative data across provinces. These data should inform the annual planning process and identify where additional support is needed.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date: