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Lesson
The selection of a single year as the baseline against which to measure the reduction in losses due to severe climate events is problematic. Since such events vary considerably from year to year, selecting a single year as the baseline can lead to distorted results. An alternative approach is to take the average of several years as the baseline. Another more meaningful alternative is to compare losses in areas protected by project works with similar neighboring areas without such works.

Project Number: 45354-002
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
When designing results frameworks, the use of policy actions as results indicators should be minimized. If the indicator measures the reform success by the completion of the policy actions, it provides little information on the success of that policy action and undermines the relevance of the policy action for no result is achieved other than itself.

Project Number: 53248-001
Project Name: Second Public Efficiency and Financial Markets Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB project teams need to have a realistic understanding of how long it takes host governments to secure internal approvals to avoid delays in completion thatcould impact project performance. Loan effectiveness took place about 5 months after loan signing, some 3 months behind schedule, “due to prolonged government approvals and parliamentary ratification procedures.” This put the project behind schedule almost from the beginning. Subsequent review missions “emphasized the need to accelerate implementation of all planned activities.

Project Number: 46535-001
Project Name: Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Report Date:
Lesson
Poor quality of local talent can significantly hinder implementation, causing ADB to intensify implementation support to put projects on track. The executing agency asked the international consulting firm “to change six of the national experts to enhance the quality of expertise.” Delays in retaining architects to monitor construction had a knock-on impact on the procurement of civil works and equipment packages. The objective of setting up the Project Administration Group (PAG), among other implementation units, was to delegate project execution to locals, but this did not work.

Project Number: 46535-001
Project Name: Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate data collection can obstruct the documentation of project impact. The project implementation unit focused exclusively on disbursements to the detriment of other metrics in the design and monitoring framework. Government ministries do not collect data regarding TVET graduates, such as whether they are employed, in what capacity they are employed (i.e., whether they are employed in their field of study or not), and how much is their income. Information on historic and forecast budgets for TVET were not provided, nor were data on tuition collected from fee-paying students.

Project Number: 46535-001
Project Name: Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB staff and departments faced an unprecedented challenge in proceeding (urgently) with program development while learning how to apply the criteria and template for the new COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO) modality and applying the 'One ADB' review process.

Project Number: 54169-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Efforts to collect employment indicators for women during the preparatory stage could help explore possibilities of expanding employment opportunities for women in a project area. These indicators allow better insights on how to enhance their participation in transport projects. Moreover, women’s involvement during consultations and dialogues, especially during appraisal stage, helps improve project design.

Project Number: 46543-002
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical to obtain accurate information during the design and appraisal stage to help facilitate growth forecast on traffic volumes. Such information provides a solid groundwork for the assessment of a transport project’s economic viability and efficiency and help underpin its rationale, scope, and implementation timeframe. As such, greater consideration on the survey or collection of traffic data is crucial in enhancing the quality of project-level economic analysis.

Project Number: 46543-002
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners should both support and take advantage of opportunities that arise when governments are committed to reform, which should also be recognized in their country programming. the government that came to office in 2018 was strongly reform-minded. Even though Armenia suffered two exogenous shocks in the form of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and conflict with a neighboring country, reform commitment did not waver. This contributed strongly to the ultimate outcome of this program.

Project Number: 51060-002, 51060-003
Project Name: Public Efficiency and Financial Markets Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
When programs embody reforms that are directed at strengthening the institutional framework for the operation of key markets, such as those underlying financial markets, clearly articulating them in the program documents clarifies objectives. By not doing so, it risks the results of the program not being fully apparent due to the lengthy period for the reforms to come to fruition. By setting as outcome objectives, what the improved framework will lead to places the outcome outside the time frame of the program

Project Number: 51060-002, 51060-003
Project Name: Public Efficiency and Financial Markets Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Multidimensional programs need to have a balance on types of indicators but should take care to ensure that progress in threshold indicators can be properly recognized in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). Only 9 of the 12 unique output indicators between subprograms 1 and 2 had been achieved or almost achieved. Of these 9 achieved output indicators, 7 were binary , i.e., they only take the value of achieved or not achieved. The output indicators not achieved had specific numerical targets that had not been met.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to properly phase implementation schedules to allow for deeper analysis of output and outcome progress and rectify indicators. All four outcome indicators were not achieved but progress was recorded against outcome indicators related to increases in private investment, internationally certified Tajik firms, and regulatory quality; and in the case of women entrepreneurs was particularly good if measured by electronic tax declarations. This suggests that targets were initially overambitious and/or that outcome indicators should be considered over a longer period.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Political support, and ultimately political accountability, is an essential component of institutional reform. An early back-to-office report (September 2014) stated that the government appreciated the importance of promoting a better business environment in the context of the private sector’s contribution to growth in gross domestic product. The government set up a Consultative Council on Reduction of Business Inspecting Agencies, chaired by the First Deputy Prime Minister to monitor implementation progress. All policy actions were completed.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a programmatic approach in policy-based loans (PBLs) can put at risk the sustainability of reforms. This program was designed as a stand-alone, single-tranche, PBL and effectively achieved its objective because of strong ownership by and well-coordinated efforts of the authorities and ADB staff. However, the lack of a programmatic approach posed a high risk to the sustainability of the reforms made.

Project Number: 53248-001
Project Name: Second Public Efficiency and Financial Markets Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical assistance (TA) is required to develop the capacity of institutions to meaningfully engage with ADB on a longer-term basis. ADB’s continuous engagement with the country, during and after a PBL, is essential. It allows ADB to keep a foothold in the country, learn about the reforms being assisted by other development partners, remain updated about emerging needs and issues, support sustainability, and help in processing new programs.

Project Number: 53248-001
Project Name: Second Public Efficiency and Financial Markets Program
Report Date: