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Lesson
Strengthening social protection systems in advance, including benefit payment systems, poverty targeting systems, program registration systems, etc., is critical to be able to respond to shocks quickly when they happen. For example, Mongolia’s 100% electronic payment system for the universal child grants made it easy to transfer increased grants to recipients.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Shock-responsive social protection mechanisms are effective in responding to the severe socioeconomic impact of global pandemics. Topping up existing benefits (known as vertical expansion) and using existing benefit delivery mechanisms allowed the government to respond quickly, ultimately reaching 80% of the population with cash support. This approach has also been adopted for pandemic response in other ADB developing member countries.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While cash support is vital for immediate relief and consumption smoothing during a crisis, which in turn reduces the adoption of risky coping strategies—such as reducing food intake, selling assets, or borrowing—it is important during the post-crisis or recovery period to introduce programs that increase poor and vulnerable households’ resilience to future shocks.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The objectives and implementation period for sector reform projects need to be well-aligned with the government’s long-term vision and carefully consider existing capacities. This project's overall objective was ambitious as sector reforms require long-term and sustainable interventions, adequate resources, and sufficient time. Increasing student enrollment and rural higher education institutions offering distance education programs were not achievable through a single project intervention.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in scope and implementation arrangements are often needed to make projects responsive to changes in government and policy directions. The changes in the ruling party and restructuring of the government in 2012 and 2016 led to changes in the policy directions on higher education. To remain responsive and aligned with the government’s policy, minor changes were made to the project scope and implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Factors that contributed to the overall success of the project include (i) the openness willingness, and flexibility of ADB and the government to respond positively to emerging need and demand; (ii) agreements by stakeholders to increase the number of MES representatives in the project steering commitee, which balanced the views and bargaining power of MES in the decision-making process; and (iii) the willingness of ADB to use its own resources to hire staff consultants when required to help resolve procurement bottlenecks and accelerate project implementation especially during critical per

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishment of formal partnerships to strengthen public–private partnerships (PPPs) will enhance the involvement of industries and employers in TVET. PPP plays an important role in helping TVET providers to improve the quality and relevance of TVET programs and in increasing the employment of TVET graduates.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
High staff turnover, weak procurement and contract management capacities, and lack of familiarity with ADB procedures, often the cause of implementation delays, need to be addressed jointly by ADB and government counterpart agencies. Because of the changes in the executing agency’s senior-level officials, turnover of the project staff was high. The project also suffered from counterpart agencies' weak procurement and contract management capacity and lack of familiarity with ADB guidelines.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO experience highlighted three main lessons. First, it confirmed Mongolia's solid precrisis record in structural reforms and macroeconomics, which put the country in a strong position to effectively respond to the multifarious impact of the pandemic. Second, the fast approval of the CPRO policy and lending modality enabled ADB to provide critical emergency support to eligible client countries in times of exceptional need, clearly showcasing the importance of institutional

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The government's response to the pandemic was comprehensive and effective. It provided a policy framework through the National Emergency Response Plan, and identified a set of concrete measures, associated expenditures, and financing plan which it brought together under the countercyclical expenditure development plan. The expenditure development plan further combined revenue and expenditure measures shown by international experience to be effective in safeguarding fiscal sustainability.

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Challenges encountered in the implementation of the COVID-19 Rapid Response Program highlight concerns that ADB need to address in future similar projects.

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Allocating dedicated technical assistance resources to support government compliance with ADB requirements, notably those related to Monitoring and evaluation and Gender, is important.

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's long standing engagement in the country, especially in the health and public finance sectors and in fiscal and macroeconomic policy developed its readiness to respond effectively and quickly. The One ADB approach and the application of the streamlined business processes under the CPRO policy also worked well for Mongolia, as it clearly demonstrated that cutting several bureaucratic layers in the approval process does not necessarily compromise the quality of the end product.

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring close coordination between relevant agencies and capacity building are essential for land acquisition and resettlement activities are carried out in a timely and satisfactory manner. For this project, close coordination was forged between the implementing unit and the Land Agency.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
High turnover of government project staff affects institutional memory and implies additional time and effort to introduce the project’s concepts to a new team to ensure the government is involved and owns the project implementation.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date: