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Lesson
Articulate policies, strategy, and standards early. The local populations and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) started reconstruction work well before provincial and federal governments started articulating their responses. Expectations rose, and some facilities, especially in health, were built by bilateral donors to standards that were much higher than the capacity of the line agencies to maintain them. This resulted in inconsistencies, violations of policies and standards developed for reconstruction work, and unsustainable operation of completed facilities.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cost Estimates. Cost estimates of subprojects were prepared in 2004 on the basis of the prevailing composite schedule of rates (CSR). However, at the time of contract award there was an exceptionally high inflation. It is important to consider the inflation factor between the project design and contract award periods.

Project Number: 36052-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Road Development Sector and Subregional Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarify roles and respect existing mandates. Initial delays in implementation of the project were caused by confusion about the roles of new and existing institutions. Any large- scale reconstruction operation requires clear delineation of the mandates of levels of government, to provide the structure and clarity required for all stakeholders to work with maximum efficiency. To the extent possible, the provincial and regional governments and federal agencies should be provided with capacity to perform their mandated roles.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project Implementation in an Area with Security Challenges. The security conditions in the project area deteriorated during implementation. ADB needs to consider special arrangements for such projects. For example, direct contracting or lump-sum contracts may be considered for civil works contracts, rather than competitive bidding, in particular, international competitive bidding (ICB). Project management could be outsourced, as ADB missions were not able to visit sites.

Project Number: 36052-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Road Development Sector and Subregional Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Have a dedicated lead institution. The dedicated federal (Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority or ERRA) and provincial reconstruction authorities led the overall coordination and monitoring, and facilitated procedures, policies, and strategies for reconstruction. This arrangement allowed efficient and transparent reconstruction, and established the government's commitment to and credibility in mobilizing resources.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was a success primarily because of its design, which accounted for actual conditions in the project area, applied lessons from previous interventions, and incorporated and adopted efficient and sustainable delivery mechanisms. The involvement of beneficiaries in the project through effective social mobilization was critical to its success. Training, awareness raising, and capacity building of beneficiaries was also instrumental in ensuring that the subprojects were owned and operated by the communities and were sustainable.

Project Number: 33268-013
Project Name: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The active support of the borrower and the executing agency, through timely provision of counterpart funds, steering committee meetings convened for timely decisions and approvals, and consistent monitoring and supervision, helped ensure smooth and timely implementation.

Project Number: 33268-013
Project Name: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's proactive participation in implementation, supervision, and monitoring, and its flexibility in addressing actual conditions in the project area and providing essential support to the federally administered tribal areas (FATA) Secretariat in a timely manner was also a central factor for the success of the project.

Project Number: 33268-013
Project Name: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appointing qualified staff and retaining them for the duration of the project avoided delays in implementation.

Project Number: 33268-013
Project Name: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It was envisaged that the tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs) would be assisted in offering opportunities to the private sector in the transport, recycling, and composting of solid waste, municipal slaughterhouses, and wastewater treatment plant operations. However, except for outsourcing slaughterhouse operations, no private sector participation was achieved.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Local Government and Rural Development Department, through the project coordination office (PCO), was the executing agency of the project. However, with limited capacity demonstrated in implementing the project for the first 2 years, PCO management was taken over by staff members deputed from Housing, Urban Development and Public Health Engineering Department, and focus shifted toward infrastructure investments. Sustainability can be better achieved if the organizations that operate services remain fully involved in its design, planning, and implementation stages.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on the analysis at completion, one of the major flaws in the devolution process was that tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs) were given additional responsibilities without providing them the additional staff members, resources, power, and regulatory environment to deliver these responsibilities. In the absence of these four key elements, any further investments in urban services managed by TMAs are not expected to deliver sustainable results and service improvements.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ownership and commitment of the Punjab government toward the Punjab Local Government Ordinance (PLGO), 2001 decreased over the project implementation period. The PLGO 2001 reforms were embedded in the tehsil municipal administration (TMA) selection criteria and were supported through municipal management capacity-building initiatives to ensure sustainability of investments. Due to the lack of political will and weak capacities of the implementing agencies, however, the implementation of the reforms and municipal management activities was marginal.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delay in acquisition of the required land and award of contracts without implementation of resettlement plans impeded implementation and caused premature loan closure. Efforts are needed to built safeguard capacities within countries to implement and within ADB to supervise, guide, and monitor safeguard compliance. To check against safeguard-related delays, safeguard plans and their implementation should be part of a project readiness filter.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The community participation in design and planning subprojects was minimal. The engagement with communities was mainly through social organizers and some council members, who were not directly related to mainstream implementation of the subproject, which was one of the key reasons for weak participation. Community participation requires their intensive involvement from the design to the implementation stages, through direct interaction with key players responsible for implementation, to build ownership and sustained partnerships.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date: