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Lesson
Objectives under Output 3 could have been pursued further through other ADB modalities when the AETP (Accelerating Economic Transformation Program) was discontinued (as in Output 1 on energy and social protection). The lack of structural transformation had been presented as one fundamental reason why the BOP (balance of payments) crises are recurrent in Pakistan. There was a strong consensus during subprogram 1 and subprogram 2 that resource mobilization, internal or external, is not what constrains Pakistan development in normal times (i.e. outside crisis episodes).

Project Number: 42163-013
Project Name: Accelerating Economic Transformation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Attaching support for this reform agenda to a crisis fighting effort and to an IMF (International Monetary Fund) adjustment program was a major handicap for the AETP (Accelerating Economic Transformation Program). A multiyear pursuit of structural transformation objectives would have benefited from not being linked to the short-term financial targets that govern macroeconomic stabilization programs, crucial as they are.

Project Number: 42163-013
Project Name: Accelerating Economic Transformation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the PMDGP's (Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program) principal lessons is that interventions in countries with difficult socioeconomic conditions and generally weak implementation capacity require more comprehensive due diligence during design. When large complex programs are prepared in this context, ADB needs to carry out detailed, rigorous, and objective analysis of the potential implementation risks, especially those related to the executing agency. Once that is done, all necessary mitigation measures must be built into the design.

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the weak capacity of the executing agency, a large, well-conceived, and properly structured TA (technical assistance) project should have been piggybacked on the program to address the obstacles presented by inherent system inefficiencies and limited capacit

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out conceptual design is a key to the success of any program. In the case of the PMDGP (Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program), the design set a commendable goal in the intended outcome, but it seems to have overestimated the capacity of the GOP (Government of Punjab) to help achieve it. It also relied too heavily on the establishment of the MSDSs (minimum service delivery standards) as a strategy for attaining MDGs (Millennium Development Goal) 4 and 5.

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The integrated approach to disaster recovery operations beyond infrastructure restoration to also include activities directed at restoring livelihood and improving the resilience of infrastructure and economic activity to disasters.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A poor assessment of the security and safety situation in the project area could result in slow implementation and even cancellation of planned outputs.

Project Number: 36052-013
Project Name: North–West Frontier Province Road Development Sector and Subregional Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In the future, ADB would have to prioritize and ensure that the executing agency operationalizes financial management system, including project performance monitoring, an essential aspect of project implementation, and results evaluation, in the early stages of project implementation.

Project Number: 37559-033, 37559-023
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program–Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The capability of National Highway Authority to use ADB processes and procedures needed to be strengthened to avoid implementation delays.

Project Number: 37559-033, 37559-023
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program–Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The highway improvement component had a realistic time frame that took account of implementation issues in Pakistan such as governance, security, and institutional capacity constraints.

Project Number: 37559-033, 37559-023
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program–Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Key lessons from previous projects incorporated in and validated by this project included: (i) area-based multi-sector community development projects need to be simple to be effective; (ii) institutions with built-in capacity should be used; (iii) a flexible, demand-driven approach to community development should be followed; (iv) civil works and effective social mobilization should be balanced; and (v) the focus should be on service delivery, rather than on policy reforms involving structural changes that are beyond the scope of an area-based development project.

Project Number: 37188-013
Project Name: Sindh Coastal Community Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 34331-013
Project Name: Sustainable Livelihoods in Barani Areas Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project-specific benefit monitoring data need to be available to ensure project effectiveness through the evaluation of project performance. Total reliance on secondary data is not adequate.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s commitment and ability to implement the institutional development and capacity development (particularly in procurement, loan and contract administration, disbursement processes, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, periodic reporting, and social and environmental safeguards) could have been carefully reviewed. A flexible approach could have been adopted with adequate supervision support for sector specialists in capacity development activities. Discussions at the technical level should have led to higherlevel discussion as the proposed reforms were far-reaching.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project monitoring should be close enough to identify if key project design assumptions are being put at risk (such as when the LGRDD, through the PCO, became the executing agency of the project), and if consequent shifts in project direction are likely (such as when PCO management was taken over by staff members deputed from the Housing, Urban Development and Public Health Engineering Department and focus was shifted toward infrastructure investments), and to avoid the shift in direction unless all parties agree to it.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date: