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Lesson
The government’s commitment and ability to implement the institutional development and capacity development (particularly in procurement, loan and contract administration, disbursement processes, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, periodic reporting, and social and environmental safeguards) could have been carefully reviewed. A flexible approach could have been adopted with adequate supervision support for sector specialists in capacity development activities. Discussions at the technical level should have led to higherlevel discussion as the proposed reforms were far-reaching.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project monitoring should be close enough to identify if key project design assumptions are being put at risk (such as when the LGRDD, through the PCO, became the executing agency of the project), and if consequent shifts in project direction are likely (such as when PCO management was taken over by staff members deputed from the Housing, Urban Development and Public Health Engineering Department and focus was shifted toward infrastructure investments), and to avoid the shift in direction unless all parties agree to it.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed completion of preconstruction activities and advance action caused delays to all subsequent activities. ADB could have satisfied itself about project readiness in the key areas of detailed design, safeguards, procurement, and establishment of the project implementation unit.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although one of the key features of project design was that urban projects need an integrated approach and infrastructure alone cannot result in improved services, unless capacities, resources, and systems are in place to sustainably deliver these services—the project design failed to ensure that all project stakeholders shared this view and were committed to it. Stakeholder analysis and ways to ensure the commitment of stakeholders to project design initiatives is thus recommended.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The conduct of a project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) should be a necessary condition before undertaking a lending operation for technical education and vocational training. A PPTA could have helped to understand the institutional context, including possible political–economic factors that were in play.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Make sure that the risk is mitigated and mitigation measures are implemented effectively, most especially when the lack of commitment is a high risk.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All of the contractors were local, with inadequate funding, expertise, and equipment, which contributed to implementation delays. With rapid road development in Pakistan, such problems may be worsening. To promote capacity development of local and private contractors, ADB needs to strengthen the capacity-building programs, especially in the area where local construction capacity is lacking.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation encountered land acquisition and resettlement challenges. ADB amended the Loan Agreement, which allowed construction to start on the sections where land issues had been resolved. ADB needs to make the government well aware of ADB's safeguard policy and prepare a more feasible loan agreement under future projects.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The global price for construction materials rose sharply during implementation. The delays in project implementation made this problem more serious. For some provincial roads under the project, retendering was conducted, but the low rate is unlikely to attract bidders. For future ADB-assisted projects, reasonable price contingencies should be included in the investment plan.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project experienced substantial delays due to security conditions, which led ADB to close the loan before completion of all the components. As a result, and because of weak government financing, the project experienced serious financial problems. ADB needs to pay more attention to local situation and assist in timely project completion. Only fully completing the project, the benefits anticipated can be revealed.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project comprises several components comprising national highways, provincial highways and rural roads, cross-border development, institutional development, and community development. These components were implemented by different government agencies with limited coordination. Combining all of these components into one project was difficult for both ADB and the government to manage. If a project is so comprehensive, a project management unit at the national level should be established to coordinate its implementation.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project monitoring and evaluation systems require sets of measurable indicators and associated targets so that corrective measures can be implemented in time to achieve the project’s outcome.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Supervision missions must flag projects that are in danger of slippage before it is too late to modify the project;

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Previous project and/or sector experience in Pakistan was not internalized and reflected in the design—the risk of underestimating capacity constraints could have been mitigated with a risk management strategy;

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design did not have an adequate analytic base that should have included an assessment of stakeholders and their capacities, and provisions for alignment due to changes introduced by the LGO 2001;

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date: