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Lesson
ADB could have participated in the project steering committee. Without ADB's participation, the committee's decision making was constrained because its decisions were still subject to ADB's concurrence.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program included innovations that were new to Bhutan, so qualified local consultants were not available. Yet it was difficult to find foreign consultants who understood the Bhutanese context. The design and monitoring framework did identify �lack of qualified staff� as a risk. For future programs, however, ADB should further refine this risk to capture the tension between external expertise and local knowledge.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There was strong continuity between ADB's earlier support to establish a credit information bureau and this project's support for a central registry. There are natural synergies between the two initiatives that increase the effectiveness and sustainability of each.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Performance targets and indicators for impact, outcome, and outputs should be realistic and measurable through local efforts, particularly when a target or an indicator has a global perspective. Baseline indicators and targets for project performance, including environmental management, should be developed during project preparation.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The consulting services for project implementation designed during project preparation did not meet the needs during implementation. This usually happens because needs change over time. To avoid having to undertake contract variations to correct this balance, an approach used in European Union contracts would have allowed greater flexibility; bidders for consulting services are typically evaluated on a small number of long-term key experts; while short-term expertise is not defined in the bidding but decided upon during implementation based on agreed work plans and government demands.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The steering committee established under the project effectively acted as an inter-agency working committee, with authorization from and representation across various sectors such as land, water, fisheries, and agriculture to coordinate wetland protection efforts. To ensure coordination on inter-sector activities in future projects, such a committee or similar agency should be established before project start-up.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The most successful elements of the project were those that had been discussed with the relevant authorities at an early stage so that plans developed under the project could feed into government plans. This provided a lasting and replicable impact from the project. Examples are the work with the water authorities on water allocation for the nature reserves, and the work with the tourism authorities on ecotourism development.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To protect and restore wetlands, strong political support, including funding for nature reserves, is important. To disseminate lessons learned more widely and to help high-level decision making, executing agencies must publish policy briefs.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring methods and frequencies need to be defined and agreed upon by the government and ADB at the beginning of a project, and followed during implementation by the executing or implementing agencies, to ensure the reliability and replicability of the monitoring data and the effectiveness of the project completion evaluation.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The financial intermediary loan modality was adopted, and the loan proceeds were relent to support implementation of more energy saving and emission reduction projects. Separate evaluations of technical feasibility of the subprojects and the financial viability of the candidate subborrowers were conducted by the efficiency power plant project management office and Guangdong Finance Trust Company independently to ensure that the technical merits and financial status of each subproject were assessed.

Project Number: 39653-023
Project Name: MFF: Guangdong Energy Efficiency and Environment Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The local competitive bidding adopted in the project provided an opportunity for domestic firms to learn international best practice under the supervision of an international consulting firm. Domestic contractors had weak capacity in management, technical staff, fund availability, and equipment, thus causing delays in project implementation.

Project Number: 32373-013
Project Name: Road Network Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation delays were mainly caused by slow and repeated procurements. Although, the project management office was retained from the previous ADB-funded project, most of its staff were newly recruited and not experienced with ADB Procurement Guidelines. For future projects, it is desirable to retain staff with ADB project implementation experience. Furthermore, adequate training on project management and implementation should be provided to relevant staff.

Project Number: 32373-013
Project Name: Road Network Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measurement and verification. ADB Independent Evaluation Department's report noted that the Guangdong provincial government had incorporated appropriate measurement and verification (M&V) of energy savings for the multitranche financing facility investment program implementation. Third-party M&V agencies ensured fair assessment of achievements of energy savings and emission reduction. The measured and verified results of each subproject provided a solid basis for computing the energy efficiency benefits and achievement of the project.

Project Number: 39653-023
Project Name: MFF: Guangdong Energy Efficiency and Environment Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The project implementation was marked by substantial cost overruns. The detailed design put the cost for civil works about 35% higher than that estimated at appraisal. During implementation, the actual cost rose by about another 15%, including 6.7% for extra works and 8.2% for price escalation in construction materials. Such cost overrun caused three feeder roads packages to be removed from the project scope. In future, similar projects, this experience should be duly taken into account when estimating project costs as well as schedules.

Project Number: 32373-013
Project Name: Road Network Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The actual energy savings achieved of the tranche 1 project are much higher than the anticipated energy savings at appraisal. More elaborate methods of energy saving estimates should have been used. The key is to establish an accurate baseline and design a customized measurement and verification method for verifying the energy savings achieved at the outset. It is also important to consistently use the same methodology for ex ante and ex post energy saving calculations.

Project Number: 39653-023
Project Name: MFF: Guangdong Energy Efficiency and Environment Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: