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Lesson
On the output indicator, understanding of the underlying environment, including quality of data, through pre-investigative works could have ensured better design of TA outputs.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, ensuring that adequate resources are allocated to finance important associated costs (e.g., hiring of dedicated staff to monitor use of proceeds and to ensure compliance with post-issuance reporting requirements) could help facilitate sustained increase in green bonds issuance.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, understanding the additional costs (beyond external review fees) would help in identifying the reasons why there was no second-round issuance (which affects reputation if green status is lost) even though issuers have already invested heavily to establish proper internal system to monitor use of proceeds and provide post-issuance reporting.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The outcome indicator should have been formulated more clearly and the outputs/activities planned to better ensure that it could deliver the targeted outcome.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have TCR could have provided further details about the national agenda/initiatives from India, Indonesia, and the PRC (Green Finance Initiative) brought about by the experience in developing this regional AMF. Based on the wrap-up workshop brief, staff from the East Asia Deparment, Central and West Asia Department, Office of the Special Project Facilitator, South Asia Department, and Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department, were present. Such details and other lessons from the Manila wrap-up workshop could have been mentioned in the TCR as well.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have further discussed the benefits or disadvantages of having government agencies as local partners, such as the Policy Research Bureau of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, facilitate workshop organization and implementation.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have elaborated on the need for consultants to ably navigate (or be supported to navigate) the consultant management system to ensure timely closure of TA accounts.

Project Number: 53140-001
Project Name: Developing Accountability and Mechanism Framework for Financial Intermediaries
Report Date:
Lesson
Since the CSIF, which the TA supports has been a regional discussion platform under the ABMI TF4, consensus among members on subject matters was, and is, essential. To ensure regional consensus, the combination of inducing active participation of the members and engaging close consultation with ASEAN+3 government officials is quite important. In addition, further engagement with the private sector is more desirable, though the preference of the members is still informal and closed.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Infrastructure development requires substantial preparedness and investment in both time and money. Particularly, a cross_x005F_x0002_border project would require more time and efforts than a national project for coordination among different jurisdictions, thus, planning and implementation arrangement would require flexibility. In addition, rapid advancement in technology would affect IT architecture design, thus, additional flexibility as well as wider involvement of various stakeholders would be desirable.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
Over the course of publishing three CSIF knowledge products, the TA could induce active involvement of the CSIF members raising awareness on the importance of regional market infrastructure for boosting intraregional investments among the members

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
The TA was financed by Republic of Korea e_x005F_x0002_Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund (EAKPF), and the budget was executed prudently and transparently as planned through close coordination with EAKPF Fund Team. Thanks to EAKPF’s funding, the TA could closely collaborate with the Government of the Republic of Korea, hire an expert from Korean financial market as a consultant, and expand its network to Korean markets, all of which contributed to effectually generating the outputs and the outcome of the TA.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
The independent validation process implemented under the ACGS is good practice for knowledge building. It gives practical information on actual corporate governance practices of PLCs. Many ACMF initiatives have good traction within the region. However, awareness beyond ASEAN is limited. In addition to the existing knowledge sharing of best practices within ASEAN, future support to ACMF should also include engagement with international partners. This includes foreign academic institutions with strong private sector partnerships.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should explore how to link up ACMF initiatives with other departments of ADB to scale up and so the substantial technical work with ACMF can be made operationally relevant. ACMF’s initiatives on green bonds and corporate governance can help ASEAN member countries develop their capital markets and improve corporate governance standards of PLCs. There is also potential replication to other regional groupings outside ASEAN including the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
Report Date:
Lesson
There are challenges in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources in the electricity system without affecting grid stability, e.g. while electricity storage and grid control technologies can help improve grid stability, due to technical constraints, diesel generation capacity is still required to balance the fluctuations of solar and wind energy sources.

Project Number: 44469-013
Project Name: Yap Renewable Energy Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As it poses challenges to energy security in terms of reliability, integrating renewable energy in FSM’s system translated into a tradeoff between fuel efficiency and grid stability.

Project Number: 44469-013
Project Name: Yap Renewable Energy Development Project
Report Date: