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Lesson
Outcome performance indicators need to be designed deliberately to establish a reasonable cause–effect relationship between outputs and outcome. It is important that the outcome performance indicators are directly influenced by and attributable to the project, reflecting the immediate and direct benefits of application of the project outputs.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation and climate change adaptation interventions have rooms for improvement by employing multidisciplinary approaches. While the traditional engineering approaches are quite useful, ecosystem-based holistic approaches, such as consideration of the irrigation infrastructure development with the management of the watersheds that could supply water, needs to be considered in the approach in future irrigation projects.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close monitoring of work progress and quality of consulting services and deliverables of consultants and timely implementing remedial measures and backup plans are critical to ensure the achievement of planned project outputs. Under this project, the poor performance of the two consulting firms for project implementation had adverse impacts on the ability of the program management office and implementing agencies to address project management issues in a timely manner, particularly during the extended period and loan closing.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban development projects typically involve a variety of risks in the course of its implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize start-up and implementation delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, project cost and contingencies, environmental and social safeguards, and financial and contractual risks.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Experience with this program validated the four reasons for the choice the policy-based lending (PBL) programmatic approach as most suitable for the development of the finance sector of Cambodia. First, financial sector development is a gradual process that requires proper sequencing. Key foundational reforms of the banking subsector must be in place before progressing to more complex reforms of the nonbank subsector.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An appropriate Implementation arrangement is key to delivering a successful project. The project could have had greater impact if it had the Nanning Education Bureau as implementing agency (IA). Project deliverables could have been more institutionalized and led to the deepening of the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) reform in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Nanning Development and Reform Commission played an overall coordination role but lacked direct supervision authority over the two TVET schools.

Project Number: 46047-002
Project Name: Guangxi Nanning Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The existence of a national sector strategy that serves as a blueprint to identify progress and near-term and future reforms needed to grow the sector is another reason for the suitability of the PBL programmatic approach. Government coordination and ownership of reforms articulated through a series of national sector strategies are necessary to ensure that financial sector development is based on predetermined steps, with each one supported by interagency coordination to achieve broad support for reforms.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The green campus policy could align more closely with climate change mitigation and adaptation practices with measurable and quantifiable indicators so that the amount of energy saved and emissions reduced could be reportable and verifiable. Since the green campus concept was already incorporated at an output level in the design and monitoring framework, more specifications could have been provided at the project design stage, rather than just the formulation of campus policy.

Project Number: 46047-002
Project Name: Guangxi Nanning Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With financial services playing a key role in supporting the growth of the real economy while promoting inclusive finance, a comprehensive reform approach supported by technical assistance (TA) is required to make the financial sector more inclusive. As the sector continues to grow and ADB funding is limited, TA and strong development partner coordination are essential to ensure financial resources are strategically targeted, to avoid overlapping or overcrowding of assistance in particular areas at the expense of others.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement establishes understanding and trust, which are vital for any reform program to succeed but indispensable for the finance sector, where policy actions such as those relating to interest rates or foreign exchange may involve significant externalities. A new program dedicated to financial sector reform is not in the offing, but this lag provides ADB an opportunity to re-enter the sector and focus on targeted subsectors such as financial inclusion and capital markets.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of ADB's comprehensive approach to urban transformation covering infrastructure, human resources, and environmentalCapacity development was highly appreciated by the counterpart municipal government, providing the basis for replication in other similar contexts.

Project Number: 46062-002
Project Name: Gansu Baiyin Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate and timely consulting support is needed for the design and Implementation of a technical and vocational education and training (TVET) that will aupport secondary and adult skills education and employment services to ensure inclusive industrial transformation. This is especially when the government or the implementing agency lacks experience and capacity.

Project Number: 46062-002
Project Name: Gansu Baiyin Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A strong project management office with adequate assistance from the local government is essential to ensure sound administration and coordination of project Implementation, especially for projects covering several subsectors.

Project Number: 46062-002
Project Name: Gansu Baiyin Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more nuanced iteration of the project design and monitoring framework (DMF) i.e., accurately differentiating outcome and output indicators, would be beneficial to facilitate better project results assessments. As observed by this validation, impact, outcome, and output statements in the DMF were vague and similar, and did not provide sufficient guidance to focus performance targets that would have provided better evidence for achieving the goals of the impact, outcome, and output statements.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date: