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Lesson
Tapping the experience of other organizations and the private sector maximizes the process of citizen engagement. Teachers, community-based volunteers, monks, and even hospitals were tapped to influence more people to register. Also, the use of a private bank for disbursement for the construction of council offices proved efficient.

Project Number: 35274-013, 35274-052, 37256-022
Project Name: Commune Council Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization is a continuing process that can provide the enabling framework of the democracy. The project experience has shown that decentralization can usefully begin with developing basic capacities (human and physical). Capacity development is, however, a continuous process.

Project Number: 35274-013, 35274-052, 37256-022
Project Name: Commune Council Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultation and dialogue with stakeholders is important where partnerships are expected to deepen the process of decentralization and democratization. The project was among the first ADB-funded projects that supported the construction of commune offices. ADB did not normally fund such activities but in this case supported it based on consultation with the concerned officials. A similar observation can be made for ADB’s support for civil registration.

Project Number: 35274-013, 35274-052, 37256-022
Project Name: Commune Council Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Country context is important in project design and implementation. The Commune Council Development Project has shown that a successful program has to recognize the social, political, administrative, and historical context of the country. In this case, Cambodia was just beginning its post-conflict stage, challenged by various problems such as lack of basic physical resources at the commune level and absence of administrative capacities of elected council officials. The design and implementation of the project took into consideration these local contexts.

Project Number: 35274-013, 35274-052, 37256-022
Project Name: Commune Council Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For short periods these conditions are tolerable, but for a major outage such as that witnessed during the evaluation mission, these plans are inadequate. Losses to businesses due to outages included cancelled bookings at smaller hotels without backup generators, food spoilage due to no refrigeration, less customer traffic due to discomfort for patrons in the high temperatures, and inability to manage booking changes or take credit card payments due to inoperable electronic ticketing and payment systems.

Project Number: 40914-021
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Emergency power plans are outdated. An accident resulted in a 4-day power outage for Siem Reap. In times of grid outages, Siem Reap is served by EDC’s 10.5 MW diesel-powered plant combined with individually owned generator sets that run on diesel and fuel oil. Those who depend on EDC for power suffer rolling brown-outs, but the many people and small businesses that are not connected to the EDC plant and have no individual backup generators face total blackout, i.e., these people have no power at all, and often, no water.

Project Number: 40914-020
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Guardrails might mitigate against transmission line accidents. The CPTL line runs along regional highways on government-owned rights of way and by necessity the poles are close to the road. During the evaluation mission there was a vehicle accident that required 10 poles to be replaced. Although nobody was hurt in the accident and the coordinated CPTL–EDC emergency response plan was very effective, Siem Reap was without grid power for 4 days. One possible mitigation of such a risk might be guardrails along the road.

Project Number: 40914-019
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sponsors can identify qualified local maintenance providers. CPTL’s international maintenance provider departed with the majority shareholders and was successfully replaced with a local provider. If the project sponsors or project management teams are able to find suitably qualified local operation and maintenance solutions, costs to the project are likely to be lower and an important opportunity to create skilled jobs is created from the outset.

Project Number: 40914-018
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Controls over project cash flows and bank accounts protect project interests. The loan structure included strict controls over the project bank accounts. Bank accounts specifically dedicated to the CPTL project needed to be opened and maintained both outside the host country (the offshore account) and within it (the onshore account). All amounts payable to the project are required to be paid into the offshore account and may only be withdrawn according to the payment priorities and amount limits specified in the loan document.

Project Number: 40914-017
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional resident mission resources could aid in due diligence. Whether this dispute and its potential to disrupt the business could have been prevented through a change in due diligence procedures requires consideration, although the causes of the dispute itself are not clear. All existing due diligence requirements appear to have been completed, including checklists, and PSOD used an external consultant and included the resident mission in its due diligence process, even without a formal due diligence requirement to do so.

Project Number: 40914-016
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPTL project itself offers a meaningful demonstration effect. It was well constructed and delivered electricity on time and to agreed specifications, in turn allowing EDC to deliver electricity to its customers. Under the PPA, EGAT delivers electricity to EDC via CPTL as agreed. EDC meets its contractual payment obligations to EGAT and CPTL. EAC monitors tariffs and licensees, allowing project benefits to be passed on to the end-users in the form of lower tariffs.

Project Number: 40914-015
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term sector engagement facilitated the enabling environment. ADB’s long-term focus on energy sector development has contributed to the improving electrification rates in Cambodia. Since 1992, ADB’s country strategy for Cambodia has always prioritized the energy sector (in coordination with other donors, especially the World Bank, and aligned with government interest). These efforts contributed to the 2001 Electricity Law that codified the sector's regulatory agencies. Confidence in the regulator is a key element of private sector participation in the sector.

Project Number: 40914-014
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More modern ways by which program management consultants and engineering supervision consultants to monitor and encourage contractor performance on the environmental dimensions of their work is helpful. Reference could be made, for example, to an excellent system of environmental quality monitoring of contractors, linked with small (but rising) withholdings from their monthly invoice payments until shortfalls are corrected. Consultants developed and applied the system for the Ministry of Public Works of Jordan some 4 years ago, which now has a record of proven success.

Project Number: 30240-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Cambodia Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial management requires further improvement through training of provincial staff, timely approvals of annual operational plans, and timely liquidation of advances.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Carrying out project administration through existing structures helped speed up project implementation. Delegation of project activities to concerned departments and provinces facilitated implementation. Inclusion of project activities in national and provincial annual operational plans provided better integration of health services and funding.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date: