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Lesson
The development of a regulatory framework alongside the preparation of a project’s technical design could help enhance the autonomy and sustainability of water utilities. This, in turn, could lead to improved service delivery and better maintenance of project assets. Such a framework could include mechanisms for independent oversight and regulation of water utilities' operations and performance, as well as the provision of clear guidelines and policies for tariff setting and cost recovery, among other aspects.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement establishes understanding and trust, which are vital for any reform program to succeed but indispensable for the finance sector, where policy actions such as those relating to interest rates or foreign exchange may involve significant externalities. A new program dedicated to financial sector reform is not in the offing, but this lag provides ADB an opportunity to re-enter the sector and focus on targeted subsectors such as financial inclusion and capital markets.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The transformative policy, institutional reforms, and student- and teacher-centered approaches are key to the progressive improvement of the upper secondary education (USE) subsector in Cambodia. The dropout rate of 8.0% among science scholarship recipients was low compared with the national average of 18.5% in USE, and science stream students performed better in the grade 12 exam in terms of higher scores compared to their peers in the social science stream.

Project Number: 47136-003
Project Name: Upper Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of technical assistance loans should be carefully deliberated to ensure strong and sustained government commitment at the design stage.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Some achievements are initial gains which need further deepening and sustaining. These include revenue mobilization; the financial management information system; budget integration, particularly integration and management ofpublic investment management and asset management; and budget transparency and performance accountability.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Because of capacity constraints and experiences in legal drafting, legal and regulatory developments require a longer time which future ADB programs need to consider.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Public financial management reform is complex and requires long-term commitment and flexibility to maximize development impacts while remaining relevant to the changing environment.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Public financial management reforms require a long-term perspective to achieve the intended objectives, which are only likely to be achieved gradually.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
While the reforms were implemented in stages, many key areas were implemented simultaneously and involved the buy-in of many stakeholders, including government line ministries.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation agrees with the lesson of building awareness for the work done under the TA project. However, it is unclear why awareness-building beyond ASEAN is required for this TA project. One can surmise that it could be for the goals of attracting capital. However, the role of partnership with foreign academic institutions is unclear beyond the publication of potential knowledge products. This lesson or recommendation should then be classified under partnership and cofinancing.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
Report Date:
Lesson
Agreed. Another useful lesson is the importance of involving clients in a hands-on manner to build a technical product and ensure the transfer of technical expertise, and the subsequent adoption or uptake

Project Number: 47146-001
Project Name: Macroeconomic Modelling for Improved Economic Assessment
Report Date:
Lesson
The lesson is that the demonstration of innovative pilots can help to ensure that these are taken up in design and implementation of ADB lending operations. Nevertheless, dissemination of knowledge to DMC stakeholders also provides an important avenue to bring local stakeholders on board.

Project Number: 48206-001
Project Name: Promoting Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Quality knowledge products can be effective in raising awareness on a TA subject. This can help build support for agreement for action to boost regional cooperation.

Project Number: 50055-001
Project Name: Creating a Regional Settlement Intermediary in ASEAN+3: Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum
Report Date:
Lesson
A lesson learned by this validation in reading the output and outcome information is that the information is not sufficiently clear on who and what agencies would benefit from the knowledge-building activities. Beyond the creation, adoption, and dissemination of guidelines for improved processes for climate-friendly, yield-improving agriculture, an analysis on which stakeholders have most to gain and are most in need of knowledge-building in the relevant areas would be useful if results are to be measured and presented quantitatively.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on the TCR narrative, the TA prepared some technical documents and accessed new mechanisms for climate finance. The approved GCF proposals were examples. While the TA made some efforts to increase awareness and disseminate knowledge via the in-country consultations, there was no clear evidence or assessment that the target audience was more aware of the technical materials presented, and had adopted the same, thereby, building institutional capacity. Adopting national or sectoral policies or legal standards, or any academic literature was not mentioned in the TCR.

Project Number: 47286-001
Project Name: Enhancing Readiness of ADB Developing Member Countries for Scaled Up Climate Finance
Report Date: