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Lesson
Engaging an international firm with extensive experience proved to be the best option for this TA which focused on a complex and highly specialized topic. Nevertheless,there will always be an indispensable need for national perspectives and experiences, best provided by national consultants, to inform and be considered in TA analyses and recommendations. Future TA could benefit from increased engagement with local experts, either as individual consultants or as subcontracted members of international consulting firms or TA implementation teams.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
Report Date:
Lesson
Cost management and quality assurance mitigate the risk of cost increases due to project design changes during implementation. Despite modifications to the project, the final cost aligned closely with the estimates at appraisal as a result of coordinated efforts. A well managed tender process secured favorable offers, while proactive project management throughout the procurement and construction phases ensured cost efficiency and quality.

Project Number: 45022-002
Project Name: Jiangxi Ji'an Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A time-based contract suits consultants better than a lump sum contract as it prevents issues when service extensions are necessary for unforeseen project extensions, which typically imply annual price escalations.

Project Number: 45022-002
Project Name: Jiangxi Ji'an Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Designation of existing consultants to higher positions and responsibility levels may be explored to fill vacancies during implementation. There were two changes to the team leader position. The first was due to the resignation of the specialist because of an unexpected urgent assignment from his hiring university. The consultant recruited as the replacement team leader was not capable of performing the role. Instead of going through contract termination and recruitment process again, the TA team appointed the national simulation specialist, who had demonstrated strong leadership.

Project Number: 54037-001
Project Name: Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang
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Lesson
Detailed market analysis through strategic procurement planning and accurate cost estimates could prevent unexpectedly low bids, leading to significant project savings. Under this project, it is noted that low bids did not negatively affect the quality of construction.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Efforts to train EAS and IAs in ADB procurement procedures will do little in developing institutional procurement capacity with the persistence of staff turnover in these agencies. In this project, frequent turnover of key staff members prevented the training from reaching all those responsible for developing requests for proposals, formulating evaluation criteria, and reviewing bids against the criteria. Consequently, procurement capacity remained low.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs and IAs commonly perceive the low-cost option as the preferred option. However, in the case of consultant selection and civil works contractor selection in thisproject, this perception was debunked by poor contractor performance and issues with payment.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Significantly lower contract prices for civil works could lead to project completion delays.Civil works contract prices for this project were, on average, 30% below the initial estimates. The winning contractors, all private companies, encountered financial challenges during construction as the low unit prices meant that increased work resulted in financial losses. Faced with this situation, the contractors were reluctant to mobilize additional resources and accelerate the construction progress.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Engaging capable design institutes, backed by sufficient budget and time allocations, will result in better quality technical designs that in turn will facilitate construction progress, reduce the need for contract variations, and optimize construction costs. There were significant variations in some of this project's civil works contracts. These variations resulted mainly from poor quality of technical designs, with errors and omissions in the construction drawings.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reducing or avoiding implementation delays would require, among others: (i) ensuring that project and/or subproject implementation is a high priority for local governments and counterpart funds are provided in government annual budgets, and (ii) starting resettlement activities as early as possible and providing adequate funds for these activities.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to include individual startup consultants in the project design to assist and help avoid delays during the early implementation stages. The project experienced some startup delays, particularly in procurement and capacity building. The experience demonstrates the importance of including individual startup consultants in the project design to assist the executing and implementing agencies and avoid delays during early-stage implementation.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Advance action and procurement readiness are key to the timely startup and implementation of projects. No major issues or problems were identified in procurement planning, processing, and contract management. Good procurement readiness was achieved, with advance procurement realized for one international competitive bidding civil works contract and one consulting firm contract. Actual contract awards in 2013–2015 were about 62% of the total loan amount, which was above the projected 25%.

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
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Lesson
This validation agrees with the recommendation and rephrases this as a lesson: Partnering with operational projects within ADB is an important step in ensuring that other DMCs outside ASEAN can develop their capital markets and improve governance standards of publicly listed companies.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
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Lesson
A lesson could have been suggested on the relevance of sharing the knowledge created with other ADB member countries

Project Number: 48377-001
Project Name: Financing Public-Private Partnerships
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Lesson
A related point here is that knowledge products dissemination activities with purposively identified audience are critical to knowledge transfer and capacity development. In this regard, the TCR could have looked into the underlying reason for the no preparation or submission of the policy brief, and no conduct of the final dissemination event. In so doing, potential lessons and operational learning could be identified to benefit future policy and advisory TAs.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date: