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Lesson
The provisions of funds under a program loan will generally only have an immediate impact on the overall level of economic activity if a pipeline of projects is in place when the funding becomes available. This was not the case when the ERSP (economic recovery support program) subprogram 1 loan was disbursed, but the delay in capital project construction to ensure more sustainable and beneficial projects were implemented was desirable.

Project Number: 42503-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating lessons and risk mitigation. Previous ADB-funded road projects in Mongolia had shown that the MRT and contractors have limited experience and that there have been problems with contractors' mobilization efforts. These lessons were not sufficiently incorporated in the implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 35377-013
Project Name: Regional Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB missions and Resident Mission support. During the early stages, the project would have benefited from more frequent missions by suitably qualified staff, as well as the involvement of an international transport staff person at the Mongolia Resident Mission to support project implementation.

Project Number: 35377-013
Project Name: Regional Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Provisions for price escalation in civil works contracts. The absence of such provisions contributed to repeated contract terminations and delays. In inflationary conditions, contracts need to include provisions for price escalation.

Project Number: 35377-013
Project Name: Regional Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cost estimation. The initial cost estimates based on the feasibility-level design were inaccurate. Cost estimates based on a detailed design, together with an analysis of unit rates and price escalation factors, would have produced more reliable estimates which would have helped to reduce the implementation delays early in the project.

Project Number: 35377-013
Project Name: Regional Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The working relationship between MOH (Ministry of Health) and the project team was to be assisted by working groups whereby MOH staff would work in tandem with project staff and consultants. This arrangement was meant to co-opt MOH in project implementation. Often however, the ministry officials' understanding of their role was limited to reviewing and commenting on project outputs, and that project staff and consultants would be responsible for project outputs. This view is shared widely across all government institutions, not just MOH.

Project Number: 41119-012
Project Name: Third Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Very high turnover of MOH (Ministry of Health) staff slowed policy reforms that required legislative approval and government commitment. Although government changes cannot be predicted, a longer-term assessment of overall political stability would be valuable, so as to prioritize project policy goals that are necessary for project implementation and sustainability. A key lesson is that reform ambitions need to match the actual capacity of government agencies and factor in turnovers.

Project Number: 41119-012
Project Name: Third Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for market-based remuneration. The government's cost norm is too low and not competitive. Because of this, recruiting experienced senior national consultants (with the exception of retired government employees) remains a challenge. Training allowances are also too low. This also applies to its training allowances, which discourages participation by staff who must travel from where they live and work to take part. Future projects should include a clause that allows remuneration for consultants and allowances for staff training to be market-based.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Phased approach. Implementing the project across almost four dozen provinces and such a wide geographical area led to challenges both in providing laboratory equipment in a timely manner and in ensuring that training was provided in the use of this equipment. A phased approach prioritizing provinces with stronger technical capacities would ensure a closer link between the provision of equipment and training thus increase efficiency.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of local government fiscal capacity. The project originally required participating provinces to provide funds to upgrade the PPMCs (provincial preventive medicine centers), including their laboratories. While local government commitment to preventive health care is significant in Viet Nam, the fiscal situation of some provinces does not allow investments of the scale that was needed. ADB needs to carefully consider the local costs of such infrastructure projects and the fiscal ability of local governments to meet them before committing to an investment.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A project that requires behavioral change within communities needs a long-term agenda. Measuring the impact of such a project will take time. A project may be deemed successful on the basis of short-term outcomes, but it may not endure, particularly if there were deficiencies during project implementation. Thus, setting impact performance indicators to be achieved by 2012 (the year of project closing) might have been too short-term.

Project Number: 38117-013
Project Name: Nutrition Improvement through Community Empowerment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the weak capacity of the executing agency, a large, well-conceived, and properly structured TA (technical assistance) project should have been piggybacked on the program to address the obstacles presented by inherent system inefficiencies and limited capacit

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out conceptual design is a key to the success of any program. In the case of the PMDGP (Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program), the design set a commendable goal in the intended outcome, but it seems to have overestimated the capacity of the GOP (Government of Punjab) to help achieve it. It also relied too heavily on the establishment of the MSDSs (minimum service delivery standards) as a strategy for attaining MDGs (Millennium Development Goal) 4 and 5.

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the PMDGP's (Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program) principal lessons is that interventions in countries with difficult socioeconomic conditions and generally weak implementation capacity require more comprehensive due diligence during design. When large complex programs are prepared in this context, ADB needs to carry out detailed, rigorous, and objective analysis of the potential implementation risks, especially those related to the executing agency. Once that is done, all necessary mitigation measures must be built into the design.

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date: