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Lesson
Projects that require substantial pre-project awareness of new technological interventions and arrangements to include capacity-building elements into project preparatory technical assistance should be considered essential and built into project documents.

Project Number: 39015-042
Project Name: Tax Administration Reform and Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project experience suggests that TA completion reports for the TA projects associated with the loans should be reviewed to derive lessons learned.

Project Number: 39015-042
Project Name: Tax Administration Reform and Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In introducing technological changes, business processes should be appropriately modified to suit emerging changes. The cooperation of business entities, including government agencies, should be solicited to streamline systems and procedures. The need to upgrade procedure manuals and expand ICT capability has been stressed in the PCR with which this validation concurs.

Project Number: 39015-042
Project Name: Tax Administration Reform and Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As automation, information technology systems, and business process improvements take time, particularly in developing countries, considerable pre-project initiatives should be advanced to educate, train, and improve skills of intended beneficiaries, mainly implementing and executing agencies.

Project Number: 39015-042
Project Name: Tax Administration Reform and Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective tax administration requires an effective automated registration, payment, collection, and monitoring system. Sharing the experience of other neighboring countries in implementing similar tax reforms and modernization will be helpful in further improving such systems.

Project Number: 39015-042
Project Name: Tax Administration Reform and Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive dialogue is needed, particularly for reforms that meet resistance, to facilitate better cooperation and implementation.

Project Number: 41544-022, 41544-082, 41544-084
Project Name: Investment Climate Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 46497-001
Project Name: Economic and Financial Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Gender-related goals are generally easier to monitor if they are policy conditions instead of targets in the DMF (design and monitoring framework).

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms invariably require a champion to steer and lead. The Minister of Labor and Social Protection, who had earlier been the Chairman of Amonatbank, was the key figure in promoting the plastic cards pilot program. Despite some issues (some of which may still linger), this remains a modern step in pension reform in the region. Similarly, the reforms in the Tax Committee had considerable government ownership and support. During the program, the President announced issuance of a new Tax Code, an action that was endorsed by the program.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A multiple tranche design or program cluster design is useful, as it brings more balance to the program and helps keep up the government's commitment, even though such a design has high transaction costs for the government and ADB. Such designs also discourage the tendency for the government and ADB to include easier actions in the initial tranche and tougher ones in the later tranches, thereby unbalancing the program and leading to less than successful ratings. The incentive tranche kept ADB and the government engaged and kept the reforms on track.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In countries with capacity challenges, reforms take time as limited capacity results in implementation delays. This must be accounted for in design.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Where country systems are weak, program monitoring could benefit from TA (technical assistance), as in Tajikistan. The TA could focus on expenditure tracking mechanisms, internal controls, and external audits; and be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, when monitoring capacity is still weak, experts could be engaged to monitor program-supported expenditures rather than relying on the government to submit monitoring reports. The second stage would focus on improving country systems to help the transition of monitoring tasks from external experts to government staff.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In order to have a meaningful and more sustainable impact, policy reforms should focus on areas in which ADB has been engaged and remains involved over a longer time period.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A program concentrating on a single area is much more likely to have a bigger impact than a program with several focuses

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The provisions of funds under a program loan will generally only have an immediate impact on the overall level of economic activity if a pipeline of projects is in place when the funding becomes available. This was not the case when the ERSP (economic recovery support program) subprogram 1 loan was disbursed, but the delay in capital project construction to ensure more sustainable and beneficial projects were implemented was desirable.

Project Number: 42503-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date: