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Lesson
Resilient irrigation structures. The operation and maintenance of agricultural infrastructure built through projects needs to be sustainable. Routine O&M costs have been reduced by the project’s concrete lining of the canals. In addition, the choice of this technology reduces water losses from canals and thus enhances irrigation efficiency and the reliability of water delivery. Where flooding is a predictable annual event, as in the Quang Binh subproject, concreting the top of the dykes and covering it with gravel may prevent damage.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing repairs. The government should take effective financing measures for O&M and repairs to support IMCs and the cooperatives, especially through the provincial people’s committees. Mechanisms to ensure that IMCs and WUGs receive funds at the right time for repairs are needed. At a minimum, WUGs and cooperatives must work closely with the IMCs to ensure timely and effective O&M. The newly established Disaster Management Authority within MARD should play a role in this.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measures to minimize flood damage. Close monitoring of the condition of the infrastructure is needed and cost recovery measures should be instituted for O&M of: (i) tertiary systems managed by cooperatives, and (ii) primary and secondary systems managed by IMCs and IMEs. The findings of the monitoring exercises should be regularly shared with the central and provincial governments to help MARD and the DARDs prepare budgets and mobilize resources.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Making use of water users groups. Although their autonomy was short-lived, WUGs functioned well using hydraulic boundaries. Project WUGs had their own bank accounts and stamp and the right to sign contracts. They received training in irrigation planning and management and financial management. Empowered water users became fully committed to the infrastructure that was crucial to their agriculture livelihood. It was acknowledged by the IMCs, the cooperatives, and even by DARDs that some WUGs constructed tertiary irrigation canals more quickly and/or at lower cost than PPMUs.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate monitoring systems. The project introduced a project performance monitoring system that made use of GIS and was supposed to be applied by the PPMUs. However, since benefits started to materialize only upon completion of the project, the government was more interested in construction monitoring. After the project, no funds were available for the continued use of the project performance monitoring system and it has been abandoned.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Each project should be reappraised during the midterm review and suitable adjustments made to the design, targets, and implementation arrangements and plan. Particular attention should be paid to GAP targets to ensure that they are not overly ambitious;

Project Number: 40086-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Back-up power systems for vital functions and the installation of SCADA systems at pumping stations are extremely useful to monitor performance and prevent malfunctioning;

Project Number: 40086-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Initial surveys and investigations must be completed promptly as their delay could affect the entire implementation schedule;

Project Number: 40086-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The national feasibility studies, design, and master bidding documents shall be completed within 60 days after loan approval; and

Project Number: 40086-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The accuracy of the appraisal estimates should be improved for major cost categories, such as works and equipment, or merged in one category (e.g., subprojects 1 and 2) to permit sufficient flexibility.

Project Number: 40086-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization improves local community and institutional ownership.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Engaging many local contractors in post-conflict rehabilitation rebuilds local capacities but can also lead to implementation delays.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s procurement and disbursement procedures are too complex for small entities.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Tsunami risk in the Indian Ocean is now better understood and should be considered in similar major infrastructure investments along coastal and low-lying areas.

Project Number: 31501-013, 31501-023, 31501-033
Project Name: Secondary Towns and Rural Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 37536-013
Project Name: Land Improvement Project
Report Date: