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Lesson
Implementation of reform agenda through strong government commitment. Public financial management reforms and SOE reforms to ensure fiscal sustainability, like those in the program, have political and economic implications and are difficult to undertake without strong ownership.

Project Number: 51350-001
Project Name: Economic Management Improvement Program: Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The program demonstrated that a holistic consultation process can ensure effective diagnosis of the issues, leading to a relevant policy matrix that prioritizes reform measures in collaboration with the development partners. The program was developed in close consultation with the government and development partners including the IMF, the World Bank, AFD, and the United Nations Development Programme, and was designed through a holistic approach.

Project Number: 51350-001
Project Name: Economic Management Improvement Program: Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
It is necessary to enable the government to sustain capacity development programs beyond the life of a program. Institutionalizing change-management practices among those charged with implementing reforms—such as efforts undertaken in subprogram 2 to prepare the MTBF and develop the MTBF manual, including gender-responsive budgeting tools at the MOF—requires upgrading technical and change-management competency.

Project Number: 51350-001
Project Name: Economic Management Improvement Program: Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex programs are more likely to succeed if significant attention is given to building the capability and ownership of the relevant stakeholders. The program successfully tackled a wide range of issues, while helping develop capacity at the MOF, CBU, and SAMA.

Project Number: 51350-001
Project Name: Economic Management Improvement Program: Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The project management units for subsequent tranches should be more proactive in using the project management and supervision consultant for the capacity development of the operational staff on new technology and standards.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, contractors are encouraged to improvise where possible and introduce new technology standards. Subsequent tranches should also build upon lessons learnt and issues identified in the technical specifications for the initial tranche.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
To achieve higher quality and improved technology, it is crucial that the design, technical specifications, and construction standards are based on national and international best practice.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The restricted stance on public external borrowing led to deferral of MFF’s tranches 2 and 3 that was not present at the time of appraisal. If possible, the locations and routes of the project components for these tranches should be identified upfront and thoroughly analyzed for potential construction and safeguard impacts.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
In MFFs, subsequent tranches should be processed and implemented to overlap with tranche 1 to maintain implementation momentum and achieve maximum benefits. The program’s tranches 2 and 3 were supposed to be approved in November 2017 and March 2018, respectively.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The timely completion of topography surveys and detailed engineering design (DED) is crucial to irrigation infrastructure projects. It permits timely procurement and construction works that are critical for projects with multiple phases. Procurement for the construction of secondary and on-farm canals for phase 2 were delayed, as its DED could not commence before phase 1 DED could be finalized. This led to the implementation delays in the succeeding phases. Technically experienced contractors can help execute engineering designs efficiently and in a timely manner.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consultation and inclusiveness of project stakeholders and beneficiaries during preparation strengthens project design quality and facilitates implementation. The involvement of local people, such as farmers during the design stage is important to incorporate specific issues pertaining to the local context (e.g., WUG or WUA in terms of scale participant number, on-farm canals, construction works, cultural and gender roles). Also, generating local participation at the onset provides incentives to reduce risks that may possibly involve resentment and conflicts during implementation.

Project Number: 40239-013
Project Name: Development of the Northern Chu and Southern Ma Rivers Irrigation System Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important that the TA is appropriately designed to support the delivery of expected outputs and that it is implemented in a timely manner. The program demonstrated the role of a well-designed TA in supporting completion of reforms across the three subprograms and building capacity of the implementing agency. It is also essential that the timing of activities is aligned with the sequencing of policy actions so as not to undermine the achievement of outputs.

Project Number: 48207-001, 48207-002, 48207-004
Project Name: Financial Market Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The continuous longer-term involvement of the same mission leader and other qualified ADB staff from the design stage until the end of implementation of the three subprograms is important to the success of this program. Familiarity with local institutional challenges and personnel in the government is important for a complex reform program such as this one to achieve progress.

Project Number: 48207-001, 48207-002, 48207-004
Project Name: Financial Market Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of a comprehensive strategic framework that broadens and deepens financial inclusion based on robust diagnostics and analytical work. The rationale for reform and policy actions are to be drawn from these diagnostics, and actions are prioritized and sequenced in addressing the constraints and bottlenecks. Regulatory constraints, institutional capacity limitations, deficiencies in technology infrastructure, and extent of financial literacy need to be clearly identified and assessed based on the analytical work.

Project Number: 48207-001, 48207-002, 48207-004
Project Name: Financial Market Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Single-tranche and stand-alone policy-based programs can be an appropriate instrument to support reforms in fragile states provided that (i) these take place in the context of an ongoing, long-term development partnership; and (ii) there is a demonstrated government commitment to pursue substantial reforms over an extended time frame. Moreover, such programs need to be supported by ongoing capacity development in key agencies. In fragile states, the risks to implementing and sustaining reforms are amplified by external shocks and natural disasters.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date: