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Lesson
A well-designed design and monitoring framework with clear indicators and performance targets allows better monitoring during implementation and better assessment of project achievements at completion.

Project Number: 38411-043, 38411-013
Project Name: Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Related to the size, complexity, and length of the project phases and the need to ascertain if these were effective in the project area: the project results support the effectiveness of long-term investment in one area as a multisector support through infrastructure. However, there was limited evidence in the completion report regarding the project’s effect on poverty levels and the rate of improvement compared to other areas.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Maintaining the capacity built through similar projects or establishing knowledge transfer could extend the sustainability of project activities and increase the likelihood of achieving expected impacts. The long-term usefulness of the capacity that was built must be further considered. Closer linkage between the participants in TA trainings and the infrastructure activities could have encouraged participants to apply their newly built capacity within the project.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Exploring the potential for private sector participation in the project helps improve project results further. For instance, during project design stage, the private sector’s role in the purchase and processing of the products is an alternative that could strengthen complementarities with the public goods provision. More attention to private sector participation could be looked into in similar future projects.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given a project area with a high proportion of ethnic minorities, active engagement of targeted beneficiaries in design and planning helps in providing incentives for them to take part in the project activities. Hui minority was involved during the preparatory and implementation stages of the project, which helped them to have better access to improved irrigation systems and up-to-date farming techniques.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance management system leads to difficulties in monitoring and evaluating project outcome and outputs targets. It is a critical requirement in loan covenants to help track progress and risks at implementation and assist in the identification, valuation, estimation, and quantification of economic benefits.

Project Number: 38411-043, 38411-013
Project Name: Orissa Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Targets need to be specific and evidence-based and indicators well-defined and measurable to enable a reliable assessment of implementation progress and project accomplishments and performance at completion. This project suffered from weaknesses in indicators and the results chain. Examples were inadequate links between intended outputs and outcome, lack of specific targets (output 1 and outcome), and poorly defined target (output 3). One impact target was misplaced (project staffing) and another was deemed unachievable (number of WUCSs confirming receipt of water services).

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Project reporting needs to be undertaken holistically to provide a comprehensive view of implementation progress and support the synergistic delivery of project outputs. The inclusion of an implementing agency, the Advanced Centre for Integrated Water Resources Management (ACIWRM), which is independent of the executing agency (EA), the Karnataka Neeravari Nigam Ltd (KNNL), created confusion in quarterly and annual reporting requirements.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Proactive and attentive ADB reviews foster project success. The implementation of this project benefitted from proactive and attentive ADB reviews. These reviews facilitated timely approval of submissions, including requests for extensions and cancelation of loan funds.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The design of future irrigation rehabilitation projects can build on the project’s community empowerment model but also consider options for increasing beneficiary contributions for water use. The project increased community ownership and management of irrigation infrastructure through resourcing and strengthening the participation of women and their roles in the water user cooperative societies (WUCSs). Despite gains in irrigation fee collection, the WUCSs and infrastructure O&M requirements are not yet financially sustainable without significant government inputs.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
In this instance, the executing agency was competent and major issues did not arise. With a less experienced executing agency, the geographic and sectoral scope and range might have proved too challenging without the front-loading of due diligence and screening that a sector project provides.

Project Number: 43049-013
Project Name: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of the range of alternative modalities helps strengthen the project formulation phase. In the case of this project, this type of assessment could have examined the merits of a project investment vis-à-vis a sector loan in the choice of the modality. If this project had been formulated as a sector project, each of the diverse candidate subprojects would have been analyzed prior to investment, allowing those that were economically unviable or potentially damaging (from an environmental or social point of view) to be dropped and substituted by more viable ones.

Project Number: 43049-013
Project Name: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate change risks need to be carefully considered in the design of rural infrastructure. There was inadequate integration of disaster and climate change risks into the design of subprojects in the highly vulnerable project provinces. This was highlighted by the collapse of a 450-meter section of the Trieu Dai–Trieu Do commune road (Quang Tri) during severe storms and flooding in 2011.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating into the design of rural infrastructure structures and features that minimize O&M requirements will lead to the optimal use of limited funds. Recognizing limited funding for routine and periodic maintenance, the project incorporated structures and features that minimize the O&M requirements of the rural infrastructure it put in place. Examples such as stilling basins, sediment flushing gates, rubbish screens, and automated gate operating systems (supervisory control and data acquisition) have proved effective and may be considered in similar projects.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of rural infrastructure investments would require a dedicated institution and access to financial resources. An institution responsible for rural infrastructure and access to financial resources are two critical aspects to ensure the sustainability of rural infrastructure investments. The former is considered a necessary condition and the latter a sufficient condition without which sustainability cannot be assured.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date: