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Lesson
Resource constraints can impede the participation of smaller firms in ADB procurement as well as hinderCapacity development of counterpart agencies. Smaller firms struggled to respond appropriately in some bidding processes, which resulted in their being considered ineligible to participate. The project implementation unit experienced resource constraints, which hindered sustainedCapacity development throughout the project and the participation of outer islands officials in the training activities.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of project outcomes is closely linked to the commitment and ability of the EA and IAs to provide funding for continued operations after project completion. This commitment is largely in place with the one main concern relating to the Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF). Having an experienced fund manager to assist the CCTF board and secretariat in managing and operationalizing the CCTF, while the project was still ongoing, would have been beneficial.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent discussions with beneficiaries during project processing and implementation are a must to resolve issues promptly and amicably and avoid unnecessary delays. Under this project, some schools stopped construction, as the beneficiaries felt that the initial design was not appropriate.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Benefits linked to better utilization of data generated by successful initiatives need to be systematically built into or embedded in efforts to replicate these initiatives. The special management areas (SMAs), showcasing an initiative to increase the ability of coral reefs to recover after climate-related events, are undoubtedly a success story. It has been adopted and implemented nationwide by other development partners.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The engagement of experienced personnel with the ability to decide on crucial matters is indispensable to the successful implementation of projects. While there are limited financial and human resources in Tonga, the government tries its best to achieve and sustain project outputs through its recurrent budget. Implementation of key project outputs such as the CCTF and SMAs was eventually achieved.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Participatory approaches and stakeholder consultationsresult in widely accepted programs with a high potential for success. The design of the stipend program in this initiative followed extensive consultations and technical workshops with technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions, as well as development partners active in TVET. As a result of this participatory and collaborative approach, the stipend rate and disbursement mechanisms were widely accepted.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The economic downturn triggered by COVID-19 pandemic presented an unmet opportunity for the project . Additional stipend funds could have enabled the enrollment of unemployed youth in TVET institutions. This would have transformed a period of low economic activity into a skills development opportunity. A recommended strategy is for the borrowing government to earmark funds in an escrow account, ensuring continued disbursement to beneficiaries after project closure by ADB.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stakeholder involvement in project design and advance preparation of the consultant terms of reference and procurement packages strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency potential of projects. Close involvement by the executing agency and project colleges allowed for an in-depth discussion of outcome and output indicators, as well as of the cost estimates reflecting the local context and implementation capacity of the executing agency and project colleges.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building in TVET needs to go hand-in-hand with industry progress as employment of TVET students is directly influenced by industry trends and capacity. Complementary elements, such as the purchase of equipment and training of instructors on the equipment, should be arranged more successively to allow the implementation of subsequent phases to proceed more seamlessly. Greater focus is needed in engaging the private sector to better understand the trends in hiring and updating of curricula and learning materials.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Short-term training courses have many advantages that make them more preferable than longer bachelor- and masters-level courses. The project colleges' management, teachers, and trainers expressed their preference for short-term training courses over the longer bachelor- and masters-level courses the project provided. This reflects their desire to receive specific subject training that can be achieved in more focused and shorter courses.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate documentation, including irretrievability and non-updating of project documents, reduces the level of scrutiny possible during project completion review and subsequent evaluations. Discrepancies in project assessments and progress reports, which tend to obscure actual results, make it difficult to establish project performance across the results chain. Non-availability in English of important documents, such as tracer studies, impedes the depth and comprehensiveness of project completion reviews and other evaluations.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of risks related to tariff policy implementation needs to be included in the project preparatory tehnical assistance to ensure that these risks are addressed in the project design. The risk assessment in the design phase did not adequately discussethe feasibility of fully implementing the water tariff policy, and accordingly plan the mitigation measures.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing any new procurement modality, such as the complex performance-based management contract (PBMC), creates implementation capacity issues. Initially, a water loss management contract under this project adopted the design-build–operate modality and was tendered out. Due to poor market response, the contract package was rebid. The executing agency (EA) modified the contract provisions to align with market needs and a PBMC package was successfully awarded in October 2016.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Data generation from multiple points, spread across several units and consulting teams, can affect the accuracy and timeliness of data collation. In 2006, the EA established several anticorruption and governance measures, including (i) public disclosure of the details of physical and financial progress and the results of all tenders on the project website, (ii) public audits of project works by field-level committees in every borough, and (iii) computer-aided redress of public grievances with a requirement to respond within 24 hours upon receipt of the complaint.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Imprest fund and direct payment procedures could impact timely advance fund payment, leading to delays. Direct payment and reimbursement procedure was used by the project until 2018. This was discontinued in accordance with the policy change of the Government of India. Disbursements were on track— from the first disbursement on 12 September 2014—and reached 88.3% of the revised loan amount by the end of the original loan closing date of 30 June 2019.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: