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Lesson
Strong project design, including carefully thought-out subproject selection criteria and adequate financial assessments can help reduce the need for scope changes and mitigate the risk of implementation delays. At approval, this project included seven subprojects in five provinces. Four of the seven subprojects were dropped in 2016 and 2017 because of changes in the companies’ investment priorities, changes in management due to the equitization process, and/or insufficient financial capacity.

Project Number: 41456-043
Project Name: Water Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
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Lesson
Continued timely adjustments in tariffs could make projects financially viable. The project financial reevaluation at completion concluded that the project was financially viable subject to continued timely adjustments in tariff. This has legal basis as Decree 124/2011/ND-CP allows WSCs to propose water tariffs in a tariff roadmap, which provincial governments approve. The tariff roadmaps of the participating WSCs included adjustments every two years. However, only one adjustment was made in 2019–2022 due to the impacts of COVID-19.

Project Number: 41456-043
Project Name: Water Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective knowledge transfer requires adaptation to local context and the participation of stakeholders in the design and preparation of the necessary materials and documents.The project supported the development of manuals and guidelines (e.g., corporate plans, landfill operation guidelines, public–private partnership guidelines). However, preparation of the documents had minimal participation from key stakeholders and there was limited communication to explain the documents to intended users.

Project Number: 43316-012
Project Name: Pakse Urban Environmental Improvement Project
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Lesson
Flexibility in project design is required to respond to changes in subproject scale and adapt capacity support to the changing needs. This project was implemented across eight provinces, with significant differences in the size and scope of provincial waterworks (PWW) subprojects and local capacities. A flexible design was crucial to its successful implementation.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
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Lesson
Timely processing of changes in scope, implementation, and disbursement arrangements strengthen implementation and enhance project relevance.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
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Lesson
Wide time gaps between the finalization of construction cost estimate, initiation of the bidding process, and awarding of contracts should be avoided as these could lead to time and cost overruns. There were significant time gaps of 4–5 years between the finalization of the DPRs, including cost estimates and the completion of the bidding process. Besides causing startup delays, this also led to higher contract costs in comparison to the engineering estimates.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
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Lesson
Inadequate documentation, including irretrievability and non-updating of project documents, reduces the level of scrutiny possible during project completion review and subsequent evaluations. Discrepancies in project assessments and progress reports, which tend to obscure actual results, make it difficult to establish project performance across the results chain. Non-availability in English of important documents, such as tracer studies, impedes the depth and comprehensiveness of project completion reviews and other evaluations.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
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Lesson
Inaccurate estimation of quantities in the detailed project reports (DPR), required for project processing in India, can raise project costs at the same time push back construction periods. There was a huge difference between actual quantity requirements based on site-specific conditions and those indicated in this project's DPRs. Because of insufficient estimations in the bill of quantities, contractors had to put a huge claim for the revision of rates and work quantity. Given this, care must be taken in preparing the DPR and estimating quantities.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
A geo-fabric reinforced seal could be replicated to provide more robust waterproofing and as a strain-alleviating membrane for treating road surface cracks. The geo-fabric reinforced seal installed for a 500 m length of the project road on a pilot basis proved to be an effective spray sealing technique for treating badly cracked and distressed pavements, particularly where crack movements are slow.

Project Number: 40540-014, 40540-017
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Project
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Lesson
changes in the pavement composition to address climate change and overloading, constructability

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
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Lesson
the road construction, introduction of new legislation banning slow-moving traffic from highways,

Project Number: 48218-010
Project Name: Food Safety and Agriculture Commercialization Program
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Lesson
Attainment of project benefits not within the project scope but instead are dependent on external factors downgrades project performance evaluation. The design and monitoring indicators included household sewerage connections, which were not part of the subprojects’ scope but were provided by the respective urban local bodies (ULBs). This led to dependence on external factors in the accrual of project benefits, thus impacting the final evaluation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Implementing urban infrastructure and providing universal municipal services within growing towns face complex ground-level challenges hence requiring more time for implementation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Informing utility agencies of project needs prior to the start of civil works could reduce the time required for utility shifting thus putting the project in a better position to timely meet its Implementation schedule. Early communication may also help to integrate utility agency requirements into road designs, thus ensuring the sustainability of assets.

Project Number: 47182-001
Project Name: Southern Road Connectivity Project
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Lesson
It is crucial not to delay the Preparation of detailed designs, bids and procurement documentation, securing legal clearances, and recruitment of project consultants, as a delay on any of these could negatively impact the attainment of project outputs and outcomes,

Project Number: 40648-013, 40648-037
Project Name: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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