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Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
This was the first ADB project in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sector in the PRC. A number of institutional issues related to financing TVET were neither fully known nor examined for leveraging sustainable development of the subsector in such a situation. The project should have been accompanied by a broader technical assistance to study and share the findings with the government, including enabling elements necessary for replication and/or upscaling in the PRC.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As was done in this project, drawing from other ADB experiences and lessons in other developing member countries is a good practice that needs to be encouraged and utilized more proactively. Such practices help strengthen ADB’s value-add and deliver quality programs and projects.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The unit cost of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is usually higher than that of general school education. Hence, to protect the program’s benefits, TVET output stream must be coordinated closely with the job market preferences of employers.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The education–employment linkages improve when both the demand for skills and their supply are strengthened together in a system.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The provision of technical assistance to support the project preparatory stage and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies enhances the quality of project administration. For example, building the capacity skill set of agencies on financial and procurement management prior to the onset of a project would benefit the timely execution of procurement activities and civil works. This helps in reducing any potential risk that could arise because of delayed start-up and/or implementation.

Project Number: 44240-014
Project Name: Thimphu Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For rural development projects that require relatively longer-term interventions, building on progress achieved from past related investments and technical assistance and duly taking account of relevant lessons and recommendations can optimize project design and fast-track project implementation. In the case of this project, its design capitalized on the capacity of the executing and implementing agencies and Para (village) Development Committees strengthened through phase 1 of this project 1 and took into consideration a series of specific lessons from that phase.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Sustainable Management of Community Development for Chittagong Hill Tracts
Report Date:
Lesson
Aligning the financing instruments with the development needs and capacity of institutions is another key factor for ensuring the quality of design of value chain projects. For this project, grant financing and technical assistance (TA) were used to support product quality, institutional framework, and deposit guarantee during the initial phase. These were followed by a package of loans and TA to support loans for onlending and capacity building during the expansion phase.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, including an exit strategy, helps improve the design of long-term support for the power sector. Therefore, the supervision of the investment program needs to closely track the capital works being implemented by the executing agencies using their own funds, and the assistance provided by other agencies, including complementary programs initiated by the government. Any gaps should be then filled by utilizing loan savings. ADB started supporting the Madhya Pradesh power sector over 20 years ago and the approved loans add up to $1,720 million.

Project Number: 43467-014, 43467-016
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The concept of level 2 design introduced under the Road Project Preparatory Facility is an effective strategy, particularly when there is no guarantee that the designed roads will be constructed immediately after preparation. This strategy minimizes the risk of outdated designs while saving time and other resources.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial intermediation loans, which can be used to finance the investment plans of enterprises, need to be supported by TA to build the capacity of participating banks and enterprises to achieve the intended development results.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The selection of a single year as the baseline against which to measure the reduction in losses due to severe climate events is problematic. Since such events vary considerably from year to year, selecting a single year as the baseline can lead to distorted results. An alternative approach is to take the average of several years as the baseline. Another more meaningful alternative is to compare losses in areas protected by project works with similar neighboring areas without such works.

Project Number: 45354-002
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
Water treatment plant designs, whether for rehabilitation or otherwise, that are not complete in the components needed to operate the project effectively and safely, could have inherent risks in terms of delays in completion of the project and delays in producing the economic benefits that was expected from the project. Therefore, it may be worthwhile, to carefully plan or consider all pertinent components in the design stage. This could only be done by pursuing an integrated approach.

Project Number: 52256-006
Project Name: Osh-Plotina Water Treatment Plant Chlorine Neutralization Unit
Report Date:
Lesson
New products can benefit from market and demand analysis that provide a basis for designing products that are responsive to the needs of the market. The introduction of take-out financing under this project did not benefit from such analysis. Uptake for take-out financing as designed under Tranche 1 was low. This highlights the role of market and demand analysis that provide valuable inputs in designing and introducing a new financial product that is responsive to market demand.

Project Number: 42180-016
Project Name: Third Public-Private Infrastructure Development Facility (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design included measures to improve billing and collection. Considering the excessive aggregate technical and commercial losses, a project design could include measures for reducing commercial loss that were being promoted by the government and being implemented in other areas e.g., high voltage distribution system in urban areas, use of aerial bundle conductors, and segregation of agricultural and domestic power supply in rural areas.

Project Number: 41626-013
Project Name: Bihar Power System Improvement Project
Report Date: