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Lesson
Impact indicators in the results framework need to have casual connection to the program’s outputs and outcomes. The civil service and budgetary reforms supported by the program will contribute to more efficient public administration and budget expenditures over time. However, they can only contribute at the margin to poverty and maternal mortality reduction, which were the impact indicators for the program. These indicators were not aligned with the impact statement, which aimed for improved service delivery.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprogram 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Program design and implementation in least developed (and fragile) countries need to take account of the limited administrative capacity of the government. While ADB designed a program which supported the government in undertaking reforms and sufficient consulting services resources to help bridge capacity gaps, the timeframe for the program was too ambitious and ADB did not provide adequate continuity in the staff providing project supervision. These deficiencies contributed to the underperformance in program outcomes.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprogram 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Considering the construction costs and number of subprojects as tentative when there are significant technical unknowns that cannot be determined during the design stage will help mitigate the risks and facilitate the implementation of sector loan projects. Under this project’s preparatory technical assistance (TA), cost estimates were prepared under conditions of significant technical information gaps for all potential bridge sites.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing and implementing an asset maintenance plan, which remains important to break the wasteful build–neglect–rebuild cycle in the road transport sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG), is a pending business needing consistent follow up from development partners like ADB. Limited annual recurrent funding for operation and maintenance (O&M) was an underlying cause for developing this bridge replacement project along with capacity development for an asset management system.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With climate change exerting new and increasing demands on road and bridge networks, future economic analyses for transport projects should take a broader perspective in calculating economic benefits. The economic analysis for this project compared with-project and without-project scenarios to derive its economic benefits. The definition of the with-project scenario assumed time and vehicle operating cost savings from less traffic congestion and improved traffic flow. The benefits from less congestion accounted for 93% of the total net benefits.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close and consistent supervision by ADB is crucial in ensuring quality road works and effective project implementation. The quality of construction supervision (including bridge design) and close, regular supervision by ADB since 2017 were critical in ensuring the quality of bridge construction and installation under this project. Despite delays and issues in financial management and procurement, the project achieved high-quality bridge construction, which contributed to project effectiveness.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Viet Nam’s procurement law prohibits executing and implementing agencies from issuing bidding documents until capital resources for the packages have been allocated. The procurement for complex projects may take more than 1 year from bidding documents’ issuance to contract awards. Applying ADB’s advanced actions can mitigate this procurement risk.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The executing agency’s involvement is limited during loan review missions. The PCR indicated HCMC People’s Committee lacked ownership of the program as highlighted by the transfer of integrated sustainable urban transport study from the DOT of HCMC to MAUR. The executing agency’s greater involvement and commitment in preparing and implementing mass rapid transit projects can improve ownership and better identify areas of institutional weakness.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Although ADB has no direct relationship with district people’s committees during program implementation, they are in-charge of land acquisition and resettlement on behalf of the city people’s committee. A program design needs to consider this and plan accordingly to equip the relevant officials with the skills and knowledge for effective land acquisition and resettlement, in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Particularly for complex and large-scale projects, with significant safeguard issues, government’s commitment to develop a land acquisition and resettlement road map, which in most cases involve the central government, is necessary to complete land acquisition and resettlement before awarding civil works contracts

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation highlights the importance of increased accountability and ownership by all stakeholders in achieving the project’s intended outcome. This, along with a well-designed capacity building intervention for implementing agencies, would help facilitate timely implementation and achievement of project results. Complex projects with many components and a wide geographical coverage require a high level of government commitment and ownership.

Project Number: 37749-013
Project Name: Agrarian Reform Communities Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring that an acceptable cost-sharing arrangement is in place at the outset, prior to project launch, can help minimize project risks. The rural infrastructure component comprising 80% of total actual project cost was not achieved largely as the LGUs were unable to raise the required counterpart contributions. Moreover, it is essential that appropriate due diligence and risk assessment are undertaken and that risk mitigation measures concerning the financial capability of participating local governments are identified at the outset.

Project Number: 37749-013
Project Name: Agrarian Reform Communities Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening partnerships among bilateral and multilateral organizations, especially in the Pacific region, supplements a government’s initiatives. For instance, complementary work among these donors helps a government in redesigning projects struck by disasters during implementation, especially to realign project components alongside the urgent needs of disaster recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts.

Project Number: 42391-013
Project Name: Port Vila Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Preparatory studies of project design, which ensure technical feasibility during project preparatory phase, help reduce the effect of implementation delays that may arise due to changes in project scope or geographical conditions. As such, project master plans need to be properly supplemented by technical details to ensure suitable configuration of components. These need to cover the whole range of alternative technical options that are available.

Project Number: 42391-013
Project Name: Port Vila Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Setting-up, collection, and reporting of baseline and performance indicators are essential to strengthen a project’s monitoring framework. Well-defined outputs and outcome indicators, targets, and baselines specific to project intervention areas improve project monitoring and results evaluation (e.g., reporting outcome or output indicators outside project areas hinders the attribution of results to the project).

Project Number: 40634-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project (Phase II)
Report Date: