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Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Complementary reforms and investments in service delivery and financing result in the sustained expansion of access to health care services.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A sound design, developed through a consultative process, is critical to the success of a complex project.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for market-based remuneration. The government's cost norm is too low and not competitive. Because of this, recruiting experienced senior national consultants (with the exception of retired government employees) remains a challenge. Training allowances are also too low. This also applies to its training allowances, which discourages participation by staff who must travel from where they live and work to take part. Future projects should include a clause that allows remuneration for consultants and allowances for staff training to be market-based.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Phased approach. Implementing the project across almost four dozen provinces and such a wide geographical area led to challenges both in providing laboratory equipment in a timely manner and in ensuring that training was provided in the use of this equipment. A phased approach prioritizing provinces with stronger technical capacities would ensure a closer link between the provision of equipment and training thus increase efficiency.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of local government fiscal capacity. The project originally required participating provinces to provide funds to upgrade the PPMCs (provincial preventive medicine centers), including their laboratories. While local government commitment to preventive health care is significant in Viet Nam, the fiscal situation of some provinces does not allow investments of the scale that was needed. ADB needs to carefully consider the local costs of such infrastructure projects and the fiscal ability of local governments to meet them before committing to an investment.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project yielded the following insights for similar, future community-driven development projects: (i) Inclusive involvement of community members in decision making and implementation of infrastructure projects is needed to ensure ownership and transparency. (ii) Community facilitators and consultants must be well selected so that only qualified and committed personnel are deployed to support communities in the empowerment process and on technical matters.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Covering a large number of remote villages spread over four provinces may not be an effective way to maximize the use of resources. The effectiveness of the investment in generating development impact, as well as project efficiency, would have improved in a focused geographic approach.

Project Number: 34152-013
Project Name: Community Water Services and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More attention should be given to operation and maintenance (O&M) planning and management, including awareness of resource requirements for O&M measures and sound financial and reporting systems.

Project Number: 34152-013
Project Name: Community Water Services and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community facilitators and consultants must be qualified and committed; sufficient time should be allocated for community empowerment - ensuring that community members are sufficiently involved in prioritizing their needs, developing investment proposals, and making decisions.

Project Number: 34152-013
Project Name: Community Water Services and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Involving beneficiaries at all stages of planning and implementation of upgrading activities and promoting inclusive community empowerment are critical in ensuring pro-poor investments and sustainability.

Project Number: 34152-013
Project Name: Community Water Services and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Indicators to measure the achievement of project outcome need to carefully consider the scope of all activities carried out under all outputs.

Project Number: 34152-013
Project Name: Community Water Services and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project management has significant roles in achieving project objectives. The weak project management and insufficient capacity of project stakeholders prevented the delivery of optimum project benefits.

Project Number: 34152-013
Project Name: Community Water Services and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enhance transparency for effective oversight. The government-established ERRA Council, headed by the prime minister, consists of independent and reputable individuals from civil society in the affected regions. The council followed the reconstruction process and reviewed and reported regularly to the general public on its progress and outcomes, developing a sense of ownership. Independent oversight, involving representatives of civil society disseminating information to key constituents, promoted transparency and enhanced the credibility of the host government.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date: