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Lesson
When doing the design and monitoring framework (DMF) exercise, outcomes should describe the immediate and direct benefits of the project. Outcome statements articulate the change the project is expected to achieve—in this case, the management of in-migration. No separate outcome statement or concept was included in the DMF.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DUDES, TCC, and PCC, need to provide additional support for investments in the urban sector to ensure adequate funding to maintain, build capacity and public awareness, and improve access to urban services. The government’s policy calls for Thimphu and Phuentsholing city governments to outsource maintenance rather than to develop in-house capacity.34 This requires the DUDES, TCC, and PCC to enhance skills in project and program management and outsourcing.

Project Number: 38049-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
2. Where a project has ethnic groups as beneficiaries, their culture, traditions, and language need be considered as risks and mitigating measures identified. Mainstreaming them into project might require interventions distinct from the others.

Project Number: 37579-012, 37579-032
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Sustainable Natural Resource Management and Productivity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
1. Also, here are additional project-level lessons: project proposals need to be anchored on a rigorous sector analysis where different scenarios that consider changing policy environment of the state are laid out so that assumptions, indicators, and their performance targets are drawn up with guarded optimism.

Project Number: 37579-012, 37579-032
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Sustainable Natural Resource Management and Productivity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of assessment and monitoring of contingent liabilities causing fiscal risk and limited coverage of public financial management affecting expenditure and fiscal consolidation was an additional risk identified for subprograms 2 and 3.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF was reasonably well-designed and the performance indicators—with the exception of the initial program impact indicators—targets, and baseline data were precise and generally easily measurable. However, the PCR assessed the program against the DMF prepared for subprogram 3, which, like subprogram 2 had no indicators to measure impact, although these were included for subprogram 1.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Target dates for performance indicators should be sufficiently set long after the likely date of disbursement or policy action. This is to identify a plausible causal relationship between investments and actions taken by the program and a change in the performance indicators. This was not the case in the performance indicators under output 1.

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Project-level lesson: Assistance provided in response to a crisis should only include essential conditions for disbursement. ADB’s Project Administration Instructions stated that the use of conditions for withdrawal should be limited to the extent possible. In this program, four disparate conditions were included as conditions for disbursement without discussion or justification in the RRP.

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 39293-013
Project Name: Education for Knowledge Society Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 35335-013
Project Name: National Highway Sector II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Tsunami risk in the Indian Ocean is now better understood and should be considered in similar major infrastructure investments along coastal and low-lying areas.

Project Number: 31501-013, 31501-023, 31501-033
Project Name: Secondary Towns and Rural Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional consideration should be given to check and review the cost estimates by consultants during PPTA, and this needs to be more regularly conducted in India’s norm. Alternatively, a review of cost estimates by an independent contractor could be undertaken before approval, or as soon as the PMU consultant firm is fielded.

Project Number: 32254-013, 32254-023
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Environmental Improvement in Madhya Pradesh Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Broader reflections on the experiences of the three development partners during their joint implementation of this ambitious program, and the implications for future, similar efforts would have been valuable. The considerable time lost due to misunderstandings among the partners at the beginning of the project, for example, might have been avoided if early agreement had been reached on how to deal with the different accountability mechanisms and requirements of the partners.

Project Number: 34285-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project II
Report Date: