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Lesson
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Project Number: 44318-023, 44318-025, 44318-026
Project Name: Housing for Integrated Rural Development Investment Program—Tranches 1, 2, and 3
Report Date:
Lesson
The community-driven development approach is effective. Although it seems self-evident, this fundamental lesson is often overlooked and needs to be reiterated. Community involvement in planning and responsibility for O&M is a practical and cost-effective way of managing such small-scale systems. The government-enabled community ownership and capacity building approach employed by the project will be useful in other efforts to scale up agricultural development, for example in improving rural health, water supply and sanitation, and education.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustainable O&M and water provision are crucial. Sustainable O&M that guarantees water provision is an incentive for farmers to remain members of WUAs. Farmers tend to withdraw from WUAs if their fields do not receive adequate water flows. Without water delivery to their fields, there was no incentive for farmers to work on land conversion and therefore some refused to invest their resources in converting undeveloped land to paddy fields, which would have increased the irrigated area under the project.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure should be built to last. Frequent damage to irrigation facilities caused by flooding and landslides is a big threat to the sustainability of infrastructure improvements. Considering the poor watershed management in the areas surrounding subprojects and incompatible land uses (e.g., hilly land corn farming above the irrigated rice fields), the construction of irrigation infrastructure needs to improve. Preventive and protective measures need to be taken to guard against recurring intense rainfalls and extreme weather events.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Socioeconomic, institutional, and policy environment are important for project design. The failure of the project to achieve its intended impact, and limited achievement of expected outcomes shows that ADB needs to fully assess and understand all socioeconomic, institutional, and policy factors when it prepares and appraises projects. If these factors had been properly assessed in the case of the PDP, ADB could have lowered the outcome expectations. It could have adapted the design to match the capacity of the implementing agencies and stakeholders.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for adequate staff input and maintenance of project records. The project’s midterm review was undertaken 2 years late and almost at the end of the project period at appraisal. This absence of timely oversight and ADB’s poor curating of the project data and documents contributed to the project’s limited success. ADB’s business processes could be improved to retain key project financial and economic analyses records systematically in electronic format.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need to understand the limitation of project modalities. The complexity of the PDP’s design was a weakness. As a general principle, projects should aim for simple, straightforward outputs and outcomes and involve uncomplicated implementation arrangements and a small number of implementing agencies if they hope to be successful. Projects must be designed in a way that makes it feasible for national staff (generally government officers) who often have limited resources and capabilities to manage and implement them.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A monitoring and evaluation system needs to be permanently established within the Ministry of Water Resources and Land Reclamation. While it was established as part of project management, M&E was discontinued after the PMO closed. Hence, project specific data cannot be provided for evaluating long-term outcomes, impact, and poverty reduction.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The phasing of cost recovery and measures to ensure sustainable operation and maintenance of tertiary systems should have been identified at the outset. Transferring management of tertiary irrigation and drainage systems to beneficiaries as a means for participatory water management was appropriate and in line with IWRM principles. However, the phasing of cost recovery and measures needed for WUAs to become sustainable should have been made clear at the outset. Measures for achieving full cost recovery should have been identified early in the implementation process.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Mechanisms for sustaining support services for dehkan farms should have been incorporated in the project design. Agricultural support provided to dehkan farms was limited to the duration of the project. No mechanisms were put in place to ensure sustainability of benefits beyond the project’s life. The activities of demonstrations farms were very helpful to dehkan farms in increasing productivity, but these were stopped after project completion. Further, most of these demonstration farms were distributed to individual and family dehkan farms after completion of the project.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date: