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Lesson
It is critical for a Gender equity theme project to have a Gender specialist on board to monitor and ensure the attainment of all Gender action plan (GAP) targets. GAP monitoring was the responsibility of the project implementation unit, with support from social development specialists hired by the project implementation consultant. The project implementation consultancy ended in April 2015; after which the government was to fund the engagement of a social development specialist. The position was not filled due to lack of funds, resulting in reduced GAP monitoring and assessment.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Limited understanding of contractors of complex site conditions impacted their performance, delayed implementation, and often resulted in contract termination; About 30% of the total cost of civil works were contracted before loan signing and over 90% of total contracts awarded by 2014.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to adjust project expectations based on context when preparing a district water supply project. This requires a thorough sector assessment of government institutional capacity and ability to implement policy reforms at national and local district levels with sufficient counterpart staff and budget, a risk-based analysis of local fragility and resilience factors, and a phased incremental approach outlined for critical actions.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Performance monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Gender action plan (GAP) need to be understood as mandatory activities to ensure they are completely undertaken. Implementation of the GAP was not successful in achieving all planned activities and targets. While 4 of the 5 activities were implemented, only 2 of the 10 targets were achieved. Ongoing monitoring could have improved the actions undertaken and attainment of targets. As women have a core role as clients, users, employees, and beneficiaries of water supply systems, GAP implementation should be strictly monitored.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Systematic analysis of market capacities and pragmatic cost estimation for better packaging options could avoid procurement delays and rebidding because of poor bidder participation. Considering the remoteness of the project locations and the market capacities, the EA modified contract conditions for sewerage network contracts to attract bidders. Despite modifications, poor response from bidders continued, resulting in repeated rebidding.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
The skilling component in tourism and waste management for women in Bidar included in the original GAP could not be implemented because of the absence of experts and accreditation agencies. These trades would have provided better opportunities for women’s employment in male-dominated, high-paying vocations.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Project partnership agreements with government on human resources and funding are critical to effective implementation and sustainability. While initially the project national project implementation unit had issues on staffing, procurement, and implementation, these were resolved with incremental additional staffing, recruitment of a small core team of individual consultants, and restructuring to a subproject management unit. The non-recruitment of a social development specialist; to be funded by the government, affected the Gender action plan monitoring and planned survey update.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely partial cancellation of unutilized loan funds should be undertaken to save on commitment charges. Disbursement projections at effectiveness were not met because of initial procurement delays. However, the projections revised during implementation were realistic, with over 90% of loan amount disbursed by project closure in 2017. When it was anticipated that entire loan funds may not be utilized even within extended loan period, the executing agency (EA) could have undertaken partial cancellation of loan funds. This would have allowed some savings in commitment charges.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Meticulous collection and reporting of sex-segregated quantitative data aided timely implementation and achievement of the targets in the Gender action plan (GAP). They were particularly helpful in tracking project Gender equality impacts and pointing to areas needing focused attention. As result, the GAP completed all its planned activities and achieved all its quantitative targets. In addition, the project also strengthened women’s self-help groups in the project areas and linked them with financial institutions.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
More thoughtful planning and sustained monitoring are required when implementing new pilot approaches. Successful implementation of new approaches such as public-private partnerships, which involve government policy changes and reforms, would require realistic timelines, ongoing monitoring of political commitment, and adoption of risk management strategies that are responsive to change.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The innovative septage management option piloted by the project appears to be widely implementable in Nepal. A grant from the Sanitation Financing Partnership Trust Fund supported the piloting under this project of a non-sewered sanitation option that included the construction of fecal sludge treatment plants in two towns. Successful implementation of the pilot, coupled with sector wide advocacy and information dissemination, has led to wider interest in fecal sludge management (FSM) across Nepal.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of ownership of water users of project installations, which could jeopardize sustainability, demands appropriate action from the relevant government agencies. The project’s requirement of mandatory upfront cash collection for piped water supply connections, amounting to 5% of the estimated cost, was meant to generate ownership by the users. However, in many towns, the contribution was not made by the actual users but was raised by donations from community organizations, raising serious concerns about the efficacy of this provision and the eventual sustainability of the systems.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Vulnerable groups need to have a voice in determining the mechanisms that will enable them to fully participate and benefit from projects. To ensure social inclusion, the project provided grant funding via output-based aid (OBA) for the construction of private toilets for 100% of the verified poor and vulnerable households. However, the OBA amount was inadequate, resulting in some households not building proper toilets.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project facilities need to be turned over to local governments to ensure long-term operational and institutional sustainability. Municipalities did not exist in many towns at project appraisal. Hence, water user associations (WUAs) led the project. Since the service areas of individual WUAs are now a part of their respective municipality, municipalities are expected to support the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the water supply and sanitation facilities to ensure long-term operational and institutional sustainability

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project’s innovative and sustainable model ─ of shared cost and responsibility ─ is highly replicable and may be scaled up in similar contexts. The project was built on the approach and principle of shared cost and shared ownership between the users and the government. This innovative model of implementation and service delivery has brought about remarkable achievements in improving the people’s living standards in the project towns. People now have access to 24/7 safe water, O&M is smooth, women’s time poverty has decreased, and girls’ school attendance has increased.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date: