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Lesson
In a project involving several ministries, the choice of the executing agency (or agencies) and the role of each ministry must be carefully assessed and discussed with the government and all concerned ministries.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Baseline data are important. During conflicts, data change: infrastructure is destroyed and people are displaced. Monitoring surveys are difficult to conduct because of restricted access. The project management unit failed to expand the management information system to assess subproject impacts, the absence of which made postproject evaluation difficult.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Most contracts were relatively small and within the competence levels of local contractors, especially relevant in the difficult conditions for access and supply that applied during and after the conflicts. Use of local contractors, instead of outside companies, strengthened local ownership and avoided aggravating community and ethnic tensions.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation is difficult in the fluid security conditions of conflicts and their aftermath. However, staff members were motivated by the evident need for their services, as well as by pressure from both sides in the conflict to address basic infrastructure in all areas.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The North East Community Restoration and Development implementation structure, including the delegation of responsibility to a provincial project management unit and the inclusion of all stakeholders in the provincial project coordination committee subproject selection process, was effective in implementing restoration activities. It provided a model for coordination between central, provincial, district, divisional, and local government, and encouraged cooperation with other agencies and minimized duplication of agencies' work.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There were clear benefits to the involvement of the resident mission in supervision due to closer involvement and understanding of the local environment. In addition, project documents revealed that review missions in the early years of the project were not adequately apprised, by the PMU or consultants, of the seriousness of the project’s problems. The lesson from this is the need for (i) in-depth analysis by missions, and (ii) the establishment of mechanisms for consultants to prepare realistic reports to the PMU and ADB.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
If there are many small subprojects, the sector project modality should be adopted only with an executing agency having strong implementation capacity.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community-based projects should be implemented with more involvement of local administrations than of just the central government.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The introduction of in-kind beneficiaries' contributions should be carefully evaluated in projects where the works are done by contractors and not by the communities themselves.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community participation in all stages of implementation, from identification to design to construction processes, is critical for the success of investments.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement problems can be reduced by introducing prior review of procurement documents. In a sector project with many small subprojects, contracts should be grouped into larger packages to reduce the number of civil works contacts. This will help the PMUs as well as ADB to concentrate more effectively on fewer contracts. Use of clear and stringent evaluation and qualification criteria in selection of contractors should be mandatory, and establishing consortia of contractors should be encouraged.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date: