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Lesson
The engagement of experienced personnel with the ability to decide on crucial matters is indispensable to the successful implementation of projects. While there are limited financial and human resources in Tonga, the government tries its best to achieve and sustain project outputs through its recurrent budget. Implementation of key project outputs such as the CCTF and SMAs was eventually achieved.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Constant training and practice are effective in deepening stakeholder understanding of ADB safeguard requirements and the ways they can best be met. This was proven by this project's experience with the executing agency that had no prior exposure to the concept og an environmental and social management system.

Project Number: 47305-002, 47305-004
Project Name: Horticulture Value Chain Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to the technical and engineering staff, project management units should include staff with skills in financial management, economics, safeguards, procurement and contracts management, and communication. The project initially encountered difficulties due to the inadequate capacity of the project staff in social and environmental safeguards, contract management, and finance management procedures. An assessment of staff capacity in these areas will identify areas for improvement in future similar projects.

Project Number: 44429-013
Project Name: Climate Adaptation in Vennar Subbasin in Cauvery Delta Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation is difficult if the capacities of consultants and executing agency staff fail to match the skill sets required for detailed design and construction of planned works. This issue contributed to the need for contract extension of the national consultants. The project also engaged three individual consultants (hydrologist, hydraulic specialist, and database specialist) to support the newly established Department of Hydrology and River Works and National Flood Forecasting Center.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Failure to identify and provide the necessary human resources can affect the implementaton of well-prepared projects. This was shown in how the deficit in operation and maintenance specialists and national engineers in the project implementation team and the late recruitment of a gender specialist had caused implementation delays.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a skilled and effective lake basin authority was a long and arduous process. Converting the Chao Lake Management Authority (CLMA) from a sound concept to a skilled, effective lake basin planning and management organization evolved over time, and actions taken under the project helped the CLMA to establish its authority from scratch.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project partnership agreements with government on human resources and funding are critical to effective implementation and sustainability. While initially the project national project implementation unit had issues on staffing, procurement, and implementation, these were resolved with incremental additional staffing, recruitment of a small core team of individual consultants, and restructuring to a subproject management unit. The non-recruitment of a social development specialist; to be funded by the government, affected the Gender action plan monitoring and planned survey update.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR lesson is not phrased as a lesson. In finalizing this validation report, the NRM rephrased the lesson and provided additional information: Adequate consideration of Nepal’s political landscape in delivering or scaling up effective agricultural services and approaches in the future is critical. Nepal’s shift to federalism has devolved much of the agriculture sector work to subnational governments. The newly established provincial and local governments require extensive capacity building to deliver agriculture research and extension services.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Further feedback provided by the EAER, beyond the information provided in the TCR, demonstrated that these lessons were shared at the knowledge-sharing events that were a part of this TA. More information on this could have been included in the TCR to strengthen the lesson. A lesson could be derived from this—Further efforts could be done to incorporate lessons from previous TAs into the knowledge sharing-events of TAs, in this case, through internal PRC government efforts.

Project Number: 48469-001
Project Name: Developing Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting for Eco-Compensation
Report Date:
Lesson
Database and information systems should be designed with sufficient flexibility to be easily expandable to other river basins. Awareness raising and training can also help increase the chance for replication.

Project Number: 46257-001
Project Name: Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mountainous River Basins
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful documentation and dissemination of findings, manuals, and knowledge products are important steps in promoting future scaling up of TA project activities.

Project Number: 46257-001
Project Name: Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mountainous River Basins
Report Date:
Lesson
The findings from the TA studies (which covered seven counties) and its particular knowledge/capacity building approaches could be replicable in the other counties in the NHAR (total of 22 counties).

Project Number: 50006-001
Project Name: Poverty Reduction in Liupanshan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Report Date:
Lesson
This lesson could be strengthened by including additional information on the scaling up and replication opportunities derived from this TA. For example, a detailed cost-benefit analysis and articulation of target recipients or beneficiaries for these investments would strengthen the justification for additional scaling up of activities.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Nepal's shift to federalism has devolved much of the agriculture sector work to subnational governments. The newly established provincial and local governments require extensive capacity building to deliver agriculture research and extension services. The planned ADB investment project for 2021 delivery will incorporate investments in research and development and a pluralistic extension system, focusing on hill horticulture development.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
It would be useful if the TCR had outlined the opportunities for scaling up that could be included as part of the TA project follow-up actions and/or could be considered by similar TA projects. A possibility would be improving the database to include both baseline and target, and an alert mechanism to provide information if achievement of targets appears to be lagging against planned delivery. In this way, catch-up plans may be undertaken by relevant offices.

Project Number: 49299-001
Project Name: Strengthening Capacity for Environmental-Economic Accounting
Report Date: