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Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
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Lesson
Essential infrastructure and services can positively impact gender equity when designed to address the specific needs and responsibilities of women. This project contributed significant time savings for rural women by releasing them from the burden of fetching water,. Extra time provided them the opportunity to redirect their efforts to economically and socially productive tasks, spending time with family, and leisure activities.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
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Lesson
the road construction, introduction of new legislation banning slow-moving traffic from highways,

Project Number: 48218-010
Project Name: Food Safety and Agriculture Commercialization Program
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Lesson
Basing the reporting requirements on the monitoring systems of the government’s own response plan and providing dedicated assistance for monitoring and evaluation will help reduce the burden of the government in meeting the reporting requirements of massive budget support, pandemic response programs such as the CPRO. Budget support mechanisms are relatively new for the borrower, as most development assistance is delivered as project funding or through technical assistance.

Project Number: 54179-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Fiscal Response Program
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Lesson
Sex-disaggregated data need to be accurate and usable for in-depth analyses to support policy development and program planning and implementation. The government has increased its focus on gender equality and has made significant progress on gender data tracking and transparency. Although there are a few publicly available national resources, they lack qualitative information.

Project Number: 55073-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
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Lesson
Effective gender mainstreaming in infrastructure projects may be helped by the inclusion of community-based activities that foster women's participation. In this case, community-based disaster risk management and flexible training schedules proved effective.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
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Lesson
Clarity on implementation roles and responsibilities and consistent collection and monitoring of Gender-disaggregated data are key to the successful execution of the project Gender action plan (GAP). Gender trainings at inception stage provided clarity on the roles and responsibilities of consultants and implementing agency staff. The well-defined division of labor provided a strong kickstart to the implementation of the GAP. Integration of sex-disaggregated data collection into the system enabled reliable Monitoring and evaluation of GAP progress throughout the project.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
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Lesson
Cultural norms regarding women’s roles in the society and community should be more carefully addressed. Community involvement in implementation—especially women’s engagement—could have been further enhanced through (i) continuous engagement with the shoreline communities, (ii) targeted interventions and mobilization of specialized resources in the PMU, and (iii) consultant team guidance. In this program, the documentation of the communities’ engagement activities was weak; a better mechanism employed to report women’s participation in project activities would have been more productive.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
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Lesson
Planning for efficient resource use in advance adequately addresses the situation when the full output cannot be delivered

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
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Lesson
Gender trainings are a must in ADB first-time projects. This was the first project funded by ADB in Chuxiong prefecture. As such, trainings on Gender equality and the project's Gender action (GAP) plan were needed to promote Gender awareness, develop understanding, and build capacities for GAP implementation. The trainings and overall design of GAP proved relevant and contributed to achieving overall project objectives.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
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Lesson
Making social and Gender action plan (SGAP) an integral part of the ESMS and consultants' deliverables would help ensure its implementation. Guidance and training on the SGAP were provided by ADB’s social development specialist and/or ADB’s social development staff consultant during the ADB review missions. SGAP implementation was made an integral part of the ESMS; in addition, it was included in the terms of reference of social development consultants for the project. Both measures ensured implementation as well as progress monitoring of the SGAP.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
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Lesson
Paying attention to local practices in labor recruitment attracted more women in construction. Engaging local men and women in the construction work was a challenge. The Chittagong people are traditionally involved in agricultural work on the plain land. Since they had no experience in construction-related employment, they were reluctant to join the work.However, after several consultations with the local communities both men and women were motivated to do construction work, as an additional source of income, when they had no agricultural work.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
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Lesson
Performance monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Gender action plan (GAP) need to be understood as mandatory activities to ensure they are completely undertaken. Implementation of the GAP was not successful in achieving all planned activities and targets. While 4 of the 5 activities were implemented, only 2 of the 10 targets were achieved. Ongoing monitoring could have improved the actions undertaken and attainment of targets. As women have a core role as clients, users, employees, and beneficiaries of water supply systems, GAP implementation should be strictly monitored.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
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Lesson
It is critical for a Gender equity theme project to have a Gender specialist on board to monitor and ensure the attainment of all Gender action plan (GAP) targets. GAP monitoring was the responsibility of the project implementation unit, with support from social development specialists hired by the project implementation consultant. The project implementation consultancy ended in April 2015; after which the government was to fund the engagement of a social development specialist. The position was not filled due to lack of funds, resulting in reduced GAP monitoring and assessment.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
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Lesson
Timing and location are essential to the participation of women in gender-related and other project activities. Implementation of this project’s gender action plan (GAP) was challenged by the wide geographic dispersion of households, which created difficulties in gathering project participants for training. The gender awareness campaigns also coincided with the harvest season, which made it difficult for farmer-beneficiaries to take part.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
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