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Lesson
It is imperative for the federal government to recognize the diversity in local government needs and provide minimum enabling conditional grants that improve education outcomes. The school education-related federal grants that went to local governments after 2018 were largely conditional and required flexibility to align with local governments’ education needs.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Federal transition is a work in progress. As of 2023, Nepal continues to build and evolve its institutional structures as it operationalizes federal structures. Hence, the design and Implementation of a program supporting large sector programs such as the School Sector Development Plan (SSDP) Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) need to be flexible while maintaining a balance between ambitious and incremental results.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB needs to continue the RBL modality for the school education SWAp and expand to other education subsectors to leverage sequencing of results, add value to government programs, sustainably strengthen institutions, and harmonize development partners. The RBL modality encouraged substantive policy discussion and critical analysis geared towards common agreement on the key results. The government internalized the aim of achieving targets in a set time frame and linking disbursements to achieved results.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for a comprehensive approach that fosters continuity of quality-enhancing interventions to address the persistent challenge of improving learning. Low learning starts in the early grades and continues in the higher grades. Efforts to improve learning need to start from the early grades and continue throughout the different levels of education.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Teacher Preparation and professional development programs need to be revisited. Because of their low effectiveness, teacher professional development programs in the country urgently need to be revisited, including from the gender equityy and social inclusion perspective. Teacher Preparation courses at universities need to be reviewed, existing education training centers to be expanded and equipped to deliver modern pedagogy, and school-based teacher support systems to be instituted.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Interventions to strengthen sector resilience need to be broadened to improve system readiness for future challenges to learning continuity. After the 2015 earthquake, significant effort was directed towards improving school sector resilience against disasters triggered by natural hazards and climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted new challenges that can impinge on learning continuity, with disproportionate effects on students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and deprived communities.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Future school infrastructure development requires a comprehensive approach based on the school’s operational viability. To meet school needs, the School Sector Development Plan adopted an ad hoc, piecemeal approach to school infrastructure development. In future, a comprehensive approach, based on the school's operational viability and as practiced in this intervention's model school program, needs to be undertaken especially because of the changing demographic dynamics that have resulted in school mergers and closures.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important for all stakeholders to have the same understanding of the expected project outputs to minimize issues during implementation. The volume of civil works required by the target school dormitories was higher than that calculated at appraisal. Hence, the executing agency, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports (MECSS) and ADB had to revise the civil works allocations and reduce the number of target dormitories.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical for executing agencies to enhance their procurement capacity to ensure that all consulting services needed by a project are in place at the earliest possible time. The recruitment of a consulting firm for engineering design and drawing under this project spanned 15 months despite advance action. This significantly delayed project implementation, highlighting the need for MECCS to strengthen its procurement capacity and ensure the timely recruitment of consultants for its projects.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Contract management may better be handled by engaging a consulting firm rather than individual consultants. It was challenging for MECSS to recruit nine individual consultants, manage and coordinate them, review their reports, and process their payments during project implementation. In the future, it would be better for projects of this kind to have one consulting firm instead of several individual consultants whose inputs are closely linked.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Rebuilding model schools provides opportunities to demonstrate their usefulness to the larger school program and to communities particularly in building disaster-resilient schools, and to develop knowledge and skills in disaster risk management. It also provides a space for greater social inclusion and increased ownership as local authorities and communities are mobilized for rebuilding and reconstruction.

Project Number: 49202-001
Project Name: Disaster Risk Reduction and Livelihood Restoration for Earthquake-Affected Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Subsidized credit when sourced from a grant may be used as an immediate and emergency response to the financing needs of those severely affected by disaster. However, it is not sustainable over time when grant funds are no longer available. It is basically a stop gap measure in an emergency. There are costs to the delivery of financial services that need to be considered in product pricing to help financial institutions sustain their operations and continue serving targeted households. These institutions need to price their loan products to allow for full cost recovery.

Project Number: 49202-001
Project Name: Disaster Risk Reduction and Livelihood Restoration for Earthquake-Affected Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Design flexibility is essential in the smooth implementation of an emergency response project. It allows the executing agency and project teams to make necessary changes in the project scope and helps in the alignment of project activities with the realities on the ground. The preparation of technical design and approval processes for an emergency assistance project needs to be developed on time to meet the immediate needs of households and communities for recovery.

Project Number: 49202-001
Project Name: Disaster Risk Reduction and Livelihood Restoration for Earthquake-Affected Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate flexibilities in project design and implementation to manage unexpected situations and meet reasonable requirements from the government, cofinanciers, and/or development partners are important to realize smooth progress and timely completion of reconstruction.

Project Number: 48192-001
Project Name: Cyclone Ian Recovery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of an imprest account for regular and quick reimbursements of claims can effectively keep contractors/consultants satisfied and engaged, and therefore, avoid the risk of progress delay and/or cost overruns.

Project Number: 48192-001
Project Name: Cyclone Ian Recovery Project
Report Date: