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Lesson
For interventions in a new country, it is important to assess the capacity of the government’s financial management system thoroughly before launching a project, especially when investing valuable grant resources.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The economic downturn triggered by COVID-19 pandemic presented an unmet opportunity for the project . Additional stipend funds could have enabled the enrollment of unemployed youth in TVET institutions. This would have transformed a period of low economic activity into a skills development opportunity. A recommended strategy is for the borrowing government to earmark funds in an escrow account, ensuring continued disbursement to beneficiaries after project closure by ADB.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reductions in government counterpart funds must be documented especially to review and derive learnings on how these impact the scope and implementation of ADB-financed projects. A reduction in government counterpart funds and increase in the domestic loan amount under this project was not documented by ADB. The EA indicated a policy change in 2015 that affected the scope of government counterpart funds; however, documentation of such a policy change was missing.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is imperative for the federal government to recognize the diversity in local government needs and provide minimum enabling conditional grants that improve education outcomes. The school education-related federal grants that went to local governments after 2018 were largely conditional and required flexibility to align with local governments’ education needs.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the sustainability of project benefits would require serious efforts from the component implementation units (CIUs) to raise funds from various sources. Governments have allocated annual budgets for CIUs to continue post-project operations. But financial sustainability is still a concern, as government allocations are sufficient to cover only routine facility maintenance and supplies and not surveillance, animal and pest outbreak responses, and repair of critical laboratory equipment.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-phrased as a lesson, assuming the lack of training was the main underlying issue. Given that audit observations presumably came in annually, there could have been time to adjust the TA project activities to address the identified issue. However, it is unclear from the TCR whether factors other than inadequate training contributed to the issue.

Project Number: 45317-001
Project Name: Support for the Third Primary Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Despite ADB’s and the PRC government’s best intentions, replacing the gender-sensitive training manual appeared to be unjustified. It was reflected in the heavily male-oriented output 2b and the TA final report that “the minority, underprivileged and female graduates are in a lower employment rate than the average level within Gansu.” The lesson should be project design change based on fact and data, not on the whims of the developing member country’s government.

Project Number: 50034-001
Project Name: Vocational Education-Enterprise Collaboration for Student Employment-Based Poverty Reduction in Gansu
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation deems that the first sentence is not a lesson but a statement on TA’s relevance and contribution.

Project Number: 50311-001
Project Name: Education Sector Assessment
Report Date:
Lesson
PEDP III had 626 audit observations. Adequate training to the executing agencies on compliance with financial rules and regulation should have been provisioned under the TA, which could have improved the financial compliance and resulted in fewer audit observations.

Project Number: 45317-001
Project Name: Support for the Third Primary Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The TA was consistent with ADB’s desire to reengage with the education sector in Pakistan after a long absence and helped to influence the direction of the Country Partnership Strategy, 2020−2024, which is under preparation. The general nature of the TA provided flexibility and allowed ADB to be responsive in identifying the focus of the sector assessments prepared.

Project Number: 50311-001
Project Name: Education Sector Assessment
Report Date: