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Lesson
Data generation from multiple points, spread across several units and consulting teams, can affect the accuracy and timeliness of data collation. In 2006, the EA established several anticorruption and governance measures, including (i) public disclosure of the details of physical and financial progress and the results of all tenders on the project website, (ii) public audits of project works by field-level committees in every borough, and (iii) computer-aided redress of public grievances with a requirement to respond within 24 hours upon receipt of the complaint.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
changes in the pavement composition to address climate change and overloading, constructability

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
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Lesson
Use of data and planning to target delivery strategies improve performance. Staffing and access to medical supplies were common challenges and well recognized during project design and documented during the project, including through the formative evaluations, the DFAT-funded independent evaluation, and the project midterm review. The chief executive officers (CEOs) of the provincial health authorities in high-performing provinces identified the use of data and planning to target delivery strategies as a factor in improved performance.

Project Number: 41509-013
Project Name: Rural Primary Health Services Delivery Project
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Lesson
Financial intermediation loans, which can be used to finance the investment plans of enterprises, need to be supported by TA to build the capacity of participating banks and enterprises to achieve the intended development results.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
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Lesson
Aligning the financing instruments with the development needs and capacity of institutions is another key factor for ensuring the quality of design of value chain projects. For this project, grant financing and technical assistance (TA) were used to support product quality, institutional framework, and deposit guarantee during the initial phase. These were followed by a package of loans and TA to support loans for onlending and capacity building during the expansion phase.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
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Lesson
A holistic approach, including an exit strategy, helps improve the design of long-term support for the power sector. Therefore, the supervision of the investment program needs to closely track the capital works being implemented by the executing agencies using their own funds, and the assistance provided by other agencies, including complementary programs initiated by the government. Any gaps should be then filled by utilizing loan savings. ADB started supporting the Madhya Pradesh power sector over 20 years ago and the approved loans add up to $1,720 million.

Project Number: 43467-014, 43467-016
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
The concept of level 2 design introduced under the Road Project Preparatory Facility is an effective strategy, particularly when there is no guarantee that the designed roads will be constructed immediately after preparation. This strategy minimizes the risk of outdated designs while saving time and other resources.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
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Lesson
The selection of a single year as the baseline against which to measure the reduction in losses due to severe climate events is problematic. Since such events vary considerably from year to year, selecting a single year as the baseline can lead to distorted results. An alternative approach is to take the average of several years as the baseline. Another more meaningful alternative is to compare losses in areas protected by project works with similar neighboring areas without such works.

Project Number: 45354-002
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
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Lesson
Adequate and thorough preparation at design enhances the project’s quality at entry which is critical in supporting the government’s and ADB’s priority to promote rural development and reduce poverty. Specifically, a greater consideration of the design and scope for improving disaster risk management and climate resilience could support the upgrading and rehabilitation of other infrastructures, such as roads, energy, and social services, resulting in higher development impacts.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
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Lesson
Irrigation and climate change adaptation interventions have rooms for improvement by employing multidisciplinary approaches. While the traditional engineering approaches are quite useful, ecosystem-based holistic approaches, such as consideration of the irrigation infrastructure development with the management of the watersheds that could supply water, needs to be considered in the approach in future irrigation projects.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
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Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
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Lesson
Interventions to strengthen sector resilience need to be broadened to improve system readiness for future challenges to learning continuity. After the 2015 earthquake, significant effort was directed towards improving school sector resilience against disasters triggered by natural hazards and climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted new challenges that can impinge on learning continuity, with disproportionate effects on students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and deprived communities.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
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Lesson
Early engagement with provincial governments can contribute to identifying and avoiding delays due to land acquisition issues. Based on the experience of forcible entry by local communities into two HPP sites, new projects are emphasizing the role of social safeguards and early consultation of local populations. The positive experience of engaging with the provincial government, which contributed to the eventual delivery of the Divune HPP under tranche 1, can serve as a lesson for future projects.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
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Lesson
Future school infrastructure development requires a comprehensive approach based on the school’s operational viability. To meet school needs, the School Sector Development Plan adopted an ad hoc, piecemeal approach to school infrastructure development. In future, a comprehensive approach, based on the school's operational viability and as practiced in this intervention's model school program, needs to be undertaken especially because of the changing demographic dynamics that have resulted in school mergers and closures.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
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Lesson
ADB and its consultants should review the historical performances and previous challenges of similar projects when preparing implementation schedules at approval. The Tranche 1 project included a highly optimistic implementation schedule. The Tranche 2 project was also overly optimistic, although to a lesser extent. Several challenges in procurement, land acquisition, and construction led to significant delays.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date: