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Lesson
All components of projects should be treated as important and monitored from the early stages of project implementation. The difficulty of establishing technical support centers in five development regions of Nepal under the technical support components was mainly because the executing agency (EA) accorded them low priority and ADB did not follow up sufficiently.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The local communities and government should have been considered as part of the project team as they could have played an important role in planning and implementation.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Public response to project activities. Consultations, mass media campaigns, awareness workshops, and beneficiary involvement in conflict resolution meetings all contributed to a greater understanding of project interventions by key stakeholders. Implementation activities did not appear to have created significant public protest and generated no critical news reports, public interest litigation, or petitions.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Only priority sites should be surveyed at project design. Identifying a short list, not a long list, of priority sites before PPTA starts is good practice. Frequently, executing agencies in Papua New Guinea (PNG) do not identify priority sites or undertake preliminary analysis, citing their lack of preparatory budgets or skills. This does not foster ownership and passes on responsibility to consultants. In this case, PPTA consultants were asked to survey 12 provincial towns, out of which only 2 were ultimately developed.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In the case of unrecoverable delays, ADB should have considered reducing the project scope, closing the loan early, or suspending the loan until all conditions were met.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project design should accommodate the complexity of community participation and the time it requires. Adequate attention should be paid to capacity development in communities to ensure the sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) facilities.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Government of Sindh (GOS) should have had greater ownership and commitment to the completion of activities. A project-based, decision making forum may have been an option to reduce processing delays.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Previous performance of consultants should have been a major evaluation and selection criteria. Penalties for poor performance and failure should have been introduced in the consultancy contracts. A stricter approach should be adopted for replacing specialists.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive and thorough investigations of potential project sites need to be carried out to the extent possible during feasibility studies and detailed design to ensure that designs are appropriate. Experience shows that design shortcomings have caused significant implementation delays and numerous contract variations.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly optimistic objectives and implementation scheduling should haven been avoided. A gradual, step-by-step approach consistent with local realities should have been adopted.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional change process. The magnitude of loss in potential revenue because of its delay in introducing open competition in state plantation timber harvesting was demonstrated analytically to the government through a comprehensive plantation measurement and valuation system. This led to an increase in stumpage rates and provided an incentive for the Forest Department to take steps to review the mandate of the State Timber Corporation and make it more cost efficient. But much still needs to be done to enhance competitiveness in the sector.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate project design undermines project implementation. Good project design is a basic requirement for project success, and inadequate design can prevent project success. In this case, design did not demonstrate adequate technical understanding of the availability of suitable water or the feasibility of its use for water supply and sanitation (WSS) projects in four of the six provincial towns.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An inappropriate and poorly performing consulting firm should have been replaced as soon as possible. Heavy reliance on a single group of consultants' for both components does not work.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Women's Market Section (WMS). The project made an effort to include WMSs in all market developments to bring women more into the mainstream of the rural economy. However, women in some areas are conservative and not willing to run shops side-by-side with men. WMSs should only be included in market developments where project appraisal indicates that women are interested and available to participate in running the facilities; otherwise, the resources can be used elsewhere.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More attention should have been paid to the executing agency's ability to implement the project. Inadequate capacity resulted in complex problems and incomplete outputs.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date: