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Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In general, something as substantial and sensitive as cotton and wheat (C&W) quota system reform cannot be completed within a short time frame and should be undertaken at the national level. Although the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources was responsible for implementing the C&W quota system, reform required inputs from other government departments. Such policy reforms are better accomplished through vehicles other than projects, and certainly not a single pilot investment project in one district or region.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects need to address issues associated with the financial capacity of pradeshiya sabhas to develop and maintain rural infrastructure through closer monitoring, obtaining greater commitments from provincial and local organizations, and the use of soft loans for capital works tied to user-pay financial plans for civil works such as rural markets, where a financing charges mechanism already exists.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement problems can be reduced by introducing prior review of procurement documents. In a sector project with many small subprojects, contracts should be grouped into larger packages to reduce the number of civil works contacts. This will help the PMUs as well as ADB to concentrate more effectively on fewer contracts. Use of clear and stringent evaluation and qualification criteria in selection of contractors should be mandatory, and establishing consortia of contractors should be encouraged.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given that the idea of community-based preschools was innovative for the country, sufficient time should be given for a legal and regulatory framework to be established to adequately serve preschool educational services at the community level.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a joint project management unit at sector level can be a more efficient and cost-effective solution and help ensure a harmonized approach among the financing institutions.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Except for special circumstances, such as when a pilot project is small or the executing agency is experienced in project implementation, the project design should be simplified to ease implementation. Generally, the focus should be on a single sector with a minimum number of types of measures. Although the project focused on rural development and agriculture, it comprised different measures (rural business strengthening, irrigation and drainage system enhancement, and cotton and wheat quota system reform) as a result of incorporating most of the challenges encountered in the sector.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Since the project had two implementing agencies supervised by different agencies, project coordination was difficult. A more suitable arrangement involving dual implementation agencies may be through a region-based apex financial institution, which is also assigned responsibility for establishment and operation of enterprise development service support activities and works closely with the regional organization responsible for sustaining the enabling environment.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Improving the quality of the feasibility study will minimize uncertainty in identifying subprojects and lead to more precise cost estimates. When subproject cost estimates are uncertain, adequate physical contingencies should be provided in sector projects to mitigate against potential cost overruns.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing a project in a new field, especially in a dynamically changing transition economy, requires flexibility on the part of both the government and ADB. Willingness to adjust the project's design to a new environment or new findings and acceptance of extra time required for the adjustments is essential. To be successful, the project must also be transparent to receive support from local governments and communities.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community-based organizations should be provided basic operation and maintenance kits to ensure sustainability of project activities.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Discussion and dialogue on language of instruction (LOI) for ethnic minorities remains a sensitive issue in most countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Any debate of change in LOIs should be widely discussed before implementation and aim at (i) improving ethnic minorities' chances to enter the best senior secondary and higher education institutions, and (ii) acquiring language skills necessary for better job opportunities while providing necessary support to maintain their identity. [Main text, paras. 8, 45]

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Mobilize local leaders. Local leaders and or champions need to be identified to initiate local health care reform initiatives and the financial sustainability of activities. The project demonstrated that local regulations to support health sector reform and ensure sustainability are possible through large-scale socialization and advocacy.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Management skills have to be improved. Training largely focused on technical matters rather than improving management skills. In strengthening decentralization of health services there is a need to focus on health management training and monitoring and evaluation of health staff.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building has to be linked to incentive structures. Investment in training has to be linked to incentive schemes (financed by local governments) to ensure staff retention, especially in remote areas. The project showed that several local governments initiated incentive schemes for medical doctors and midwives.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date: