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Lesson
Strong management and strategic thinking are prerequisites for establishing a sound and viable institution. The early management of PASO was weak. More support was needed to help it put necessary systems in place earlier in the project period. Some member states expressed the need to further improve financial management in terms of adequacy and transparency. The PASO council has the potential to provide needed support through its finance and technical committees but has not yet fully leveraged those capabilities.

Project Number: 37449-013
Project Name: Establishment of the Pacific Aviation Safety Office Project (Pacific Region)
Report Date:
Lesson
To effectively utilize consulting services, a clear and specific terms of reference for each consultant needs to be prepared with the expected outputs before consultants' mobilization to the project.

Project Number: 32336-013
Project Name: Western Yunnan Roads Development Project
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Lesson
The 11 escape ramps built by the project to deal with the over 30 km of continuous decline of the expressway proved to be an effective safety feature.

Project Number: 32336-013
Project Name: Western Yunnan Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Plantation and landscaping work for slope protection immediately taken after earth excavation proved to be an effective practice to ensure water conservation and environment protection.

Project Number: 32336-013
Project Name: Western Yunnan Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Proactively treating geological hazards before cutting and excavating the earthworks proved to be more effective and cost-efficient than reactively handling the issue when excavation had been completed.

Project Number: 32336-013
Project Name: Western Yunnan Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The annual hiatus in processing withdrawal applications by Ministry of Finance (MOF) for the 3-month budget approval period (end of the financial year on 21 March until the end of June) causes cash flow difficulties for the contractors and consultants, as this period coincides with the peak construction season. A streamlined coordination among MPW, MOF, and ADB should be developed to minimize the adverse impact on project progress and avoid interest claims on late payments.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
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Lesson
The design-build contract adopted for this project is not a turnkey type of contract in which prospective bidders will need to conduct significant site reconnaissance in order to prepare competitive bids, but a measurement contract based on financial unit rates with design carried out by the contractor as the road is constructed. This type of contract was intended to overcome local design capacity constraints and expedite commencement of works.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultant quality at entrance is critical, as top international consultants and contractors are less interested in projects in Afghanistan. Emphasis during selection should be on quality and past performance record of consultants, as this can easily result in both cost and time savings, given the prevalence of price escalation, time extensions, and cost overruns for projects in Afghanistan.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More effort should be made to gain compliance by the borrower and MPW with loan covenants, which helps strengthen the government's project ownership. Although difficult postwar conditions exist, ADB should use appropriate means including suspension of disbursements and cancellation of the loan if necessary and in the best interest of the project.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to conduct a sound capacity assessment of Ministry of Public Works (MPW) and adequate analysis of the local political context in the early stages of the project. Driven by the project's emergency nature, overemphasis on time savings during project preparation unfortunately resulted in delays coupled with cost overruns and implementation problems at a later stage. It is also highly desirable that emergency projects implemented in complex environments receive more frequent and comprehensive monitoring and supervision.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent replacement of the supervision consultants' key staff members should be avoided or penalized. Projects that suffer from key staffing issues usually experience compounding delaying effects and cost overruns during implementation.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Afghanistan is a country with a long history of war, in which the usual rules do not work well in achieving development impacts. Appropriate adjustments, such as allowing procurement of bitumen from nonmember countries of ADB, proved to be beneficial for maximizing the project's development impact and economic efficiency.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid turnover of the MPW staff, frequent changes in project officers and mission leaders, and the transfer of project administration from one ADB department to another were counterproductive.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The adequacy of security arrangements at project sites in Afghanistan determines the pace at which projects can be implemented. Ultimately, protecting construction crews and facilities and equipment storage areas will be feasible only if an effective grassroots outreach program is mounted to win the support and goodwill of communities who live near construction sites and secure the collaboration of local government officials and village leaders.

Project Number: 37075-013
Project Name: Andkhoy-Qaisar Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In any project implementation, it is much more efficient to identify and correct problems in the initial part of the project period. The frequency of ADB review missions in the initial phase of the project achieved this efficiency and did a great deal to prevent further delays. The lesson is to have a higher frequency of review missions in the early phase of project implementation.

Project Number: 33307-023
Project Name: Kunming-Haiphong Transport Corridor-Noi Bai-Lao Cai Highway Technical Assistance Project
Report Date: