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Lesson
A strong design and monitoring framework, with better defined outcomes and outputs and measurable indicators, and the setting up of a project performance and monitoring system during project preparation or at project startup could help track implementation challenges. These may have helped mitigate the risk of scope changes, loan cancellations, and early implementation delays due mainly to delays in startup activities, such as signing of subsidiary loan agreements, detailed engineering design, bidding document preparation, and delays in land acquisition and resettlement.

Project Number: 41456-043
Project Name: Water Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing and implementing agencies need to find ways to sustain data collection and analysis throughout the project implementation phase to ensure high-quality M&E systems. Monitoring and evaluation was not completed before project closing because, at the critical late stage of implementation, the pandemic brought consultant services to a stop before they can be completed. Some baseline data were collected in 2015, but the function was not completed because of early implementation delays.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong linkages between indicators across the different levels of the project result chain need to underpin project design and monitoring frameworks, The linkage between the project impact performance indicators of increased marine passengers and increased domestic and international freight volume was not a strong measure of success in this project; it should have been revised during project implementation.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF indicators and results chain, to effectively serve as a monitoring and evaluation tool, need to reflect the changes in TA scope and focus during implementation. Output performance indicators and targets were changed to align with the government’s requests for support to emerging priorities. The outcome statement and targets should also have been updated to reflect the changed focus of the TA which has evolved and become broader.

Project Number: 52006-001
Project Name: Capacity Building for Country Programming and Portfolio Management
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and monitoring framework (DMF) and monitoring and reporting mechanism need to be carefully developed at the planning stage. The outcome statement of the TA was not appropriate as it is too narrow and should be more focused on the TA benefits to Maldives. Outcome targets were too ambitious since there were several contributing factors outside the scope of the TA that affected their achievements. With a small country portfolio, unexpected delays in one or two projects will make the target unachievable. Having an outcome indicator at the broader level could help avoid that.

Project Number: 52006-001
Project Name: Capacity Building for Country Programming and Portfolio Management
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-designed project performance management system (PPMS) from the outset can enhance the quality of economic analyses. This system facilitates the systematic collection of data on project benefits and pertinent metrics, enabling the monitoring of project performance until completion. Specifically, monitoring the project's progress, identifying areas for improvement, and collecting socioeconomic data through a PPMS, could all help establish a comprehensive assessment of a project’s development results and improve the quality of economic analysis.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Using readily available published data enables proper assessment of a project’s development impact. The installation and use of a robust energy resource planning system in a newly formed utility enables a comprehensive management information system; transparency and good governance in operations; and timely reporting.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The borrower is not obligated to request disbursement of the full amount related to the fulfillment of any disbursement-linked indicator (DLI). Accordingly, ADB disbursement projections can be overly optimistic. This point should be considered in future revisions of RBL policies.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The formulation of a coherent results framework that logically links the inputs, activities, and outputs with the envisaged outcome facilitates better monitoring and measurement of project results. The quality of a design and monitoring framework is enhanced by outcome targets that are realistic and appropriately reflect the immediate changes of the outputs.

Project Number: 47305-002, 47305-004
Project Name: Horticulture Value Chain Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For the gender action plan, indicators need to be designed to require reporting of baseline and latest data disaggregated by sex for evidence that the practice exists. In this project, indicators such as “MOH public information on drug safety including rapid alert system improved by 2014 (data on persons affected by unsafe drugs are sex-disaggregated)” and “minutes of community meetings and attendance lists were disaggregated by sex” were reported without evidence of sex-disaggregated data.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The indicators for measuring the accomplishment of the program can be further improved by identifying more precise indicators. For instance, in addition to approval dates of policy-based actions, the inclusion of simplified monitoring and reporting arrangements under the indicative program monitoring framework should be considered as appropriate.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to include in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) the extent to which capacity-building activities improve trainees' perception of their capacity to perform project-related tasks to gauge the effectiveness of such activities. Most project activities were capacity building. However, DMF targets measuring capacity-building activities were limited to the number of trainees reached which was purely informational for project accountability.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in scope could cause a lack of alignment between outcomes and outputs in the project’s results chain. The outcome target indicator for the increased number of disadvantaged students enrolled in HEIs was not linked to the output activity and indicator that the project design intended. By associating an outcome target with a potential output activity that can contribute to its achievement, project implementation activities would be purposeful.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate metrics need to be ensured for each level of the results chain. The output indicators measured outcomes or benefits rather than the physical interventions contracted. That impacted the measurement of output performance during implementation.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Budget allocations and actual expenditures to continually achieve project objectives are an indication of its sustainability. As there was a general lack of a strong legal framework or related reform to support the sustainability of the project, ADB should have used information on budget allocations and actual expenditure for the higher education sector after project implementation to more substantially confirm the sustainability of the project’s results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date: