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Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure can provide efficient infrastructure improvement support on a larger scale. Although the project completion report indicated that these types of projects should contain fewer districts to reduce the implementation burden, the report confirmed the efficacy of the project. Therefore, to provide large-scale infrastructure, it may be preferable to finance a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure, such as a multitranche financing facility.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing any new procurement modality, such as the complex performance-based management contract (PBMC), creates implementation capacity issues. Initially, a water loss management contract under this project adopted the design-build–operate modality and was tendered out. Due to poor market response, the contract package was rebid. The executing agency (EA) modified the contract provisions to align with market needs and a PBMC package was successfully awarded in October 2016.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Time overruns could occur because of (i) the introduction of a new contracting modality that require longer lead time and stronger staff capacity, (ii) rebids due to the termination of nonperforming contracts, and (iii) challenges in the management of contractual disputes.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A combination of policy-based lending (PBL) and technical assistance (TA) engagement, based on ADB's differentiated approach in small island developing states (SIDS), can further enhance the impact of ADB assistance to public sector management in Fiji. The design of this reflected ADB's differentiated approach in SIDS, spreading reforms across complementary areas and government units while combining policy actions that introduce or advance policy and legal frameworks with those that support their implementation.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuous and consistent technical assistance (TA) is crucial to the successful implementation of reform programs and sustainability of the reform process. This program is built on the long-term engagement of ADB and development partners in Fiji. It therefore benefited from extensive TA in public sector management, reforms introduced through the previous PBL, and project investments in the water and energy sectors.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing disaster risk financing (DRF) in participating DMCs is critical to reduce negative impacts on lives, livelihoods, and economic and fiscal outcomes. The program contributed to significantly higher pre-disaster financing, helping to partially fill gaps following a disaster event. Three aspects could be further explored. First, CDF was created for medium-scale disaster events that occur about every 3–10 years, whereas, in practice, qualifying events in the Pacific have occurred with greater frequency and led to higher levels of damages in certain countries.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The potential for success of any innovation cannot be established without taking risks.Taking the risk of an innovative program design that piloted the use of the policy-based lending (PBL) modality for contingent disaster financing (CDF)—for only the second time in ADB (following the Cook Islands’ Disaster Resilience Program) and the first time at the regional level—has led to significant success. It contributed to policy change and product innovation at ADB.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A more systematic tracking of performance across countries, which could build on new assessment frameworks developed under the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) program in some areas of DRM, could enhance the innovations introduced by this program, particularly phasing of interventions and a differentiated approach that addresses the challenges of implementing planning, policy, and legal frameworks in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) and small island developing states (SIDS).

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial intermediation loans, which can be used to finance the investment plans of enterprises, need to be supported by TA to build the capacity of participating banks and enterprises to achieve the intended development results.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The selection of appropriate project financing modality (through feasible project design) in line with country capacities is a crucial factor in achieving complex project objectives and overall project success. Availability of financing that is time-bound, such as multitranche financing facilities or sector lending puts the onus on the counterpart government to ensure project readiness from its side.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development
Report Date:
Lesson
In terms of project design, in-depth analysis of various loan modality options and risks assessment, taking in consideration the ountry’s huge capacity and institutional gaps, can help design an appropriate loan modality. For example, a sector lending, which can also run for a decade and sustain capacity support to the sector, requires a sector analysis that covers a thorough analysis of the factors that affect the performance of the sector, including policy, institutional or regulatory frameworks, as well as the sustainability of the investment.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB may need to consider greater flexibility to allow an extension of the availability period of loans under the multitranche financing facility, where deemed appropriate. Because of various delays, the investment program's availability period was extended to 10 years and ended on 24 November 2020. Government requests to extend the availability beyond 2020 were declined by ADB.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement establishes understanding and trust, which are vital for any reform program to succeed but indispensable for the finance sector, where policy actions such as those relating to interest rates or foreign exchange may involve significant externalities. A new program dedicated to financial sector reform is not in the offing, but this lag provides ADB an opportunity to re-enter the sector and focus on targeted subsectors such as financial inclusion and capital markets.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An alternative approach for the Completion of projects halted by the closure of the availability period of MFF-financed loans needs to be explored. This is especiallly important for projects with considerable stranded investments (e.g., stranded investments in the Ramazon HPP included $3 million for transmission line and $3 million for site Preparation). To continually implement the Ramazon HPP, the PNG Power Ltd.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date: