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Lesson
Timelines for policy changes and major reforms should also be realistic, knowing that building understanding and ownership can take time and the passage of legislation can be a lengthy process. Two municipalities declined to participate in the project because of their objection to the transfer of ownership and management of assets to a state government agency.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of tariffs and insufficient operation and maintenance (O&M) budgets threaten the sustainability of water supply and sanitation facilities in FSM. The water supply and wastewater components are unlikely to be sustainable because of the unwillingness to charge for services, and the insufficiency of annual O&M budgets.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The political economy of the country as well as of the local areas where projects are to be sited needs to be thoroughly understood and considered in the design of projects. The project assumptions that institutional and financial reforms would be adopted within a reasonable time frame and that demand for the improved water supply services could be established in Kosrae state proved false. Project preparation could have supported a more thorough understanding of the political economy, and the scope based on a stronger rationale and expressed demand.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out project communications plan, backed by local capacity building, is needed for the successful implementation of projects in FSM. Information is often not widely shared in the FSM, and securing support for reforms can be particularly complex in this context. The Chuuk Public Utilities Corporation was able to effectively carry out its communications and outreach activities and secure support for reforms with the help of a well-defined operation, maintenance, and management contract. Project delays affected the momentum of activities in the other three states.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The ability of all participating utilities to successfully adopt and implement organizational changes to meet the project requirements should be assessed, with specialized external support in utility management provided as necessary.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The risks posed by conditions for loan effectiveness and disbursements should be carefully assessed and considered in the project timeline. Project implementation was delayed by about 18 months as the conditions for loan effectiveness required the passage of appropriation bills in the National Congress and at least three of four state legislatures. Such projects can provide the required pressure for positive legal changes but can lead to startup delays.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A narrow sector and geographic focus is more suitable for projects in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). In FSM, multistate and multisector projects bring added complexity and interdependence between institutions that do not otherwise have incentives to support each other. Future projects should consider a narrower focus in terms of sector and geographic scope, allowing for less dispersed efforts on physical and nonphysical project targets. This approach has been adopted for the ongoing Chuuk Water Supply and Sanitation Project.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program design and implementation benefited greatly from advisory support provided to the Department of Finance and Administration by the regional social protection TA funded by ADB in calibrating Social Protection Program measures. Financial and economic management, however, were hampered by gaps in statistics, notably on tax data.

Project Number: 54309-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The One ADB review mechanism that supported program and/or project processing under the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO) was effective in facilitating quick access by DMCs to emergency support from ADB. The CPRO policy and guidelines were still being developed while the program was under preparation, and managing changing internal guidance and expectations added significant pressure. Neverthelesss, program preparation efficiency gains from the One ADB review mechanism were widely experienced.

Project Number: 54309-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective feedback mechanisms are important to developing community ownership of projects.

Project Number: 49320-001
Project Name: Cyclone Pam School Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More measures are needed to strengthen the disaster resilience of schools in Vanuatu.

Project Number: 49320-001
Project Name: Cyclone Pam School Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Schools with community emergency shelters have a strong scaling up potential in Vanuatu.

Project Number: 49320-001
Project Name: Cyclone Pam School Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project targets and indicators need to be specific and measurable and should fully consider the project inputs.

Project Number: 49320-001
Project Name: Cyclone Pam School Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of single source procurement method does not always save time.

Project Number: 49320-001
Project Name: Cyclone Pam School Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening partnerships among bilateral and multilateral organizations, especially in the Pacific region, supplements a government’s initiatives. For instance, complementary work among these donors helps a government in redesigning projects struck by disasters during implementation, especially to realign project components alongside the urgent needs of disaster recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts.

Project Number: 42391-013
Project Name: Port Vila Urban Development Project
Report Date:
CSV