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Lesson
Continuing dialogue between ADB and the Uzbekistan government is necessary to further improve the government's focus on gender equality and women’s empowerment. Potential gender entry points for ADB could be to support knowledge building on gender-based budgeting, integrating gender and social dimensions into social protection systems, and gender-focused small and mediyum-sized enterprise development programs for job creation.

Project Number: 56149-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
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Lesson
ADB’s participation in a country-driven program, by bringing knowledge and experience in addition to financing, catalyzes interest and cofinancing from other development agencies. This program was a critical element for enhancing the entire ecosystem of housing financing and mortgage market, helping lay thegroundwork for diversified funding and private sector involvement.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
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Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
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Lesson
An innovative approach is needed to encourage the government in implementing critical reforms, but the approach needs to be culturally sensitive. The program shows that a reform associated with a wage bill is difficult to implement. Layoffs or significant cuts in overtime payment have social ramifications and need to be dealt with sensitively, especially when there are limited alternative employment opportunities.

Project Number: 55016-001
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program
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Lesson
Effective coordination and harmonization of policies, strategies, and action plans among the development partners can meaningfully support fragile countries. The joint policy reform matrix (JPRM) demonstrated how four development partners came together to provide sizable budget support to Tonga in its hour of need, when the country faced multiple challenges, including disasters triggered by natural hazards, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a fragile economy.

Project Number: 55016-001
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The existence of a national sector strategy that serves as a blueprint to identify progress and near-term and future reforms needed to grow the sector is another reason for the suitability of the PBL programmatic approach. Government coordination and ownership of reforms articulated through a series of national sector strategies are necessary to ensure that financial sector development is based on predetermined steps, with each one supported by interagency coordination to achieve broad support for reforms.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
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Lesson
Adequate consultations with local populations throughout the project cycle are a must especially when land ownership is ambiguous and no outstanding land compensation cases are identified.Local populations forcibly entered the two HPP project sites demanding compensation for historical events, in one of which sites, violence was used. The historical events were not identified by due diligence, which concluded that there were no land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
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Lesson
Federal transition is a work in progress. As of 2023, Nepal continues to build and evolve its institutional structures as it operationalizes federal structures. Hence, the design and Implementation of a program supporting large sector programs such as the School Sector Development Plan (SSDP) Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) need to be flexible while maintaining a balance between ambitious and incremental results.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
It is imperative for the federal government to recognize the diversity in local government needs and provide minimum enabling conditional grants that improve education outcomes. The school education-related federal grants that went to local governments after 2018 were largely conditional and required flexibility to align with local governments’ education needs.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
A rational tariff policy is essential for improving the financial viability of a distribution utility. Two tariff revisions (in 2016 and 2021) helped improve the financial viability of Azerishiq's distribution-strengthening projects. Although the upgrade of distribution systems is still not fully financially viable, an improving financial internal rate of return (into positive territory) illustrates the benefits of lifting tariffs toward full cost recovery.

Project Number: 42401-014
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Insufficient up-to-date macroeconomic data on government websites, which could hinder timely and effective planning especially during crisis periods, needs to be rectified. The State Statistical Committee (SSC) has numerous macroeconomic indicators on its website. However, in most cases, very recent data are missing. International organizations such as ADB, the IMF and the World Bank release forecasts of macroeconomic indicators for upcoming years, and SSC should consider following the same approach.

Project Number: 55073-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
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Lesson
Accessibility of healthcare data in Azerbaijan needs to be improved. Reports from the Ministry of Health Care are not publicly available on its website. In addition, the State Agency for Mandatory Health Insurance considers healthcare information to be highly sensitive. Accordingly, this information is not contained on its website. Information related to daily coronavirus infections and vaccinations was released publicly. It would be useful for the agency to disseminate gender, age, and region-disaggregated information to the public.

Project Number: 55073-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sex-disaggregated data need to be accurate and usable for in-depth analyses to support policy development and program planning and implementation. The government has increased its focus on gender equality and has made significant progress on gender data tracking and transparency. Although there are a few publicly available national resources, they lack qualitative information.

Project Number: 55073-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
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Lesson
The project's use of leasing, a financing instrument not used in previous ADB FILs in Uzbekistan, was positive as it provided alternative financing depending on the needs of customers.

Project Number: 42007-018
Project Name: Small Business Finance Project
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Lesson
Unforeseeable changes in the regulatory framework introduced after project approval can result in changes in project design and scope. In this case, it prompted lengthy discussions that ended up with the cancellation of one output. The experience needs to be considered for projects that plan to address complex issues with multisectoral involvement in countries like Mongolia that are still transitioning and frequently introduce changes in the existing regulations.

Project Number: 45009-002
Project Name: Fifth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date: