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Lesson
Development partners are a great source of assistance in designing and implementing crisis response programs. The program design and implementation benefited greatly from the presence in Palau of the EconMAP team in situ in the Ministry of Finance (MOF), analyzing economic trends and providing regular advice, and the program team’s coordination with the International Monetary Fund and the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre team in Fiji. Given thin capacity in MOF, such support has been invaluable.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexibility during implementation enhances program responsiveness. The government made timely adjustments to ensure complementarities between two major assistance programs at the time—the United States’ Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act 2020 that provided unemployment benefits to citizens of Palau and the country’s own Coronavirus Relief One-Stop Shop (CROSS) Act of 2020 that provide relief to the private sector. Funding from the CROSS components with lower uptake were reallocated to those with higher demand.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordinating or shared reporting and the use of government’s own systems would ease the burden of monitoring and reporting the implementation of crisis response programs. Developing a monitoring system that can be effectively implemented during a pandemic when there are competing demands on the time of staff, who are already stretched, is problematic. This is accentuated when other partners impose similar reporting requirements. Coordinated or shared reporting and reliance on government’s own internal systems would lessen this burden.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization and devolution to subnational governments need to be undertaken with caution, especially where capacity is known to be limited. A sequential program is useful, where functions and resources are better devolved first to local governments that are fully staffed and capacitated, and later to others, following a program that improves institutional capacity to accept the new responsibilities.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure the success of expenditure management at subnational government level, these entities need to become more dependent on locally sourced revenues over time. Rapidly increasing central transfers can make them more dependent to the national government and weaken their motivation to raise local revenues.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The MFF modality can allow DISCOMs to tailor the tranche subprojects according to the distribution networks' priorities and complement other rural development programs being implemented at the time. Most upgrade of 0.4 kV feeders to 11 kV feeders, about half the aerial bundle conductors and new connections, and a third of the meters were implemented under other ongoing programs.

Project Number: 43467-015
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Overconservative cost estimation during the implementation of the multitranche financing facility (MFF) tranche projects may reduce the funding availability for other investments and result in low utilization of the approved MFF amount. Tranche 2’s actual total cost was $64.97 million, 60% of the budgeted amount, and ADB’s loan disbursement was only 61% of the committed amount.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in government may require a new or additional round of capacity- and awareness-building. The national election in 2012 resulted in a change in the government and subsequent appointment of new directors and staff in the Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF), the project executing and implementing agency. Therefore, additional time had to be devoted to build capacity and awareness with respect to the project.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of government’s priorities. Involving the provincial and district levels and strengthening their capacity to identify and address the local needs reflected the government’s Sam Sang initiative, giving provinces and the districts more responsibilities and authorities. The reforms offered an opportunity to effectively apply the new policy, resulting in a strong government support for HSGP. ADB’s capacity-building activities at the provincial level in previous health projects provided useful experience to better target technical support at all levels.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation arrangements ensured that the provincial health offices, as implementing agencies, were stakeholders of the reforms. Rather than simply following instructions from the center, the provinces were involved in the program, better understood the reform objectives, and supported the implementation of the HSRS.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Program design and implementation in least developed (and fragile) countries need to take account of the limited administrative capacity of the government. While ADB designed a program which supported the government in undertaking reforms and sufficient consulting services resources to help bridge capacity gaps, the timeframe for the program was too ambitious and ADB did not provide adequate continuity in the staff providing project supervision. These deficiencies contributed to the underperformance in program outcomes.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprogram 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall development impact corresponds to the amount of effort put into both ensuring genuine ownership of objectives within the executing and implementing agencies and building capacity among the key stakeholders.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Improved clarity on which agencies would undertake specific tasks would enhance implementation. This is the case for Cambodia irrigation scheme information system, Stung Sen river basin planning, Technical Services Centre courses), as well as administration from both CARM and ADB HQ.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
The restricted stance on public external borrowing led to deferral of MFF’s tranches 2 and 3 that was not present at the time of appraisal. If possible, the locations and routes of the project components for these tranches should be identified upfront and thoroughly analyzed for potential construction and safeguard impacts.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
In MFFs, subsequent tranches should be processed and implemented to overlap with tranche 1 to maintain implementation momentum and achieve maximum benefits. The program’s tranches 2 and 3 were supposed to be approved in November 2017 and March 2018, respectively.

Project Number: 42401-015
Project Name: Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: