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CSV
Lesson
Private sector participation in skills development is still limited at each stage of the skills development value chain. The limited enterprise support in such trainings may be caused by the lack of recognition and understanding of mutual benefits that could be derived by training institutes and enterprises.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban–rural disparity in training outcomes can be wide, partly because of unequal access to industries and the wage labor market. The national apprenticeship scheme and industrial training institutes are closely linked with employers; the scheme has resulted in impressive employment rates. Skills training providers who cater to rural areas have the greatest challenge in creating jobs. Disadvantaged social groups are normally less involved in skills training.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the sustainability of skills development programs requires (i) continually upgrading training programs, modules, curricula, and trainers' skills; and (ii) maintaining and upgrading training equipment and facilities. All of these require considerable resources and can hardly be borne by the implementing institutions. Basic government support, along with resource mobilization, is important to sustain the quality and relevance of skills development programs.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
The concerns of women and family members regarding their safety during travel and within the work environment—especially in jobs that involve migration, working on the shop floor, or extensive field visits—are barriers to hiring women. The challenges highlight the need for focused interventions, such as building women's confidence, providing self-defense training, and counseling family members.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should resolve issues, such as by defining the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders and operationalizing service delivery through appropriate institutional arrangements. Policy reforms should articulate how budgetary resources will be shared at different government levels and how resources from public and nonpublic sources will be mobilized for sustainability.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing new courses, updating existing ones based on market response, and strengthening quality assurance meant to increase workforce participation and improve employment prospects will enhance the relevance and effectiveness of the program.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
The mobilization of students has been a major factor that contributed to effective capacity utilization and to the success of the program. Mobilization is usually hindered by (i) the perception that skills training is inferior to general upper secondary and tertiary education, and (ii) the view that skills development is a pathway for the academically less-performing students. SImilarly, there is a huge need for training of trainers, and qualified trainers must be recruited to ensure the quality of training and to maintain the supply of competent technical trainers.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer project implementation period is necessary in projects with geographically challenging state terrain. The completion of this project was extended twice, for a total of 18 months, basically because of startup delays. Despite the delays that amounted to 30% overrun, completing the project in 6.5 years is a remarkable achievement for a first-time executing agency and for the first multisector project in the human development sector in a geographically challenging terrain.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
To improve the project’s environmental performance, the design should ensure (a) early mobilization of environment specialists and consultants; and (b) clarity on safeguards requirements among the project staff, consultants, and contractors from commencement to closure. Some subproject works commenced without the required ADB-cleared initial environmental examination (IEE) reports, in response to which, a corrective action plan was agreed between ADB and the executing agency.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
A more in-depth assessment of the executing agency’s capacity during appraisal could have avoided delays and revisions in scope. In this case, the Meghalaya State Skill Development Society (MSSDS) was a new entity, with little prior experience in undertaking large-scale skills development activities. The MSSDS, along with the state Department of Education, comprised the two original project implementation units.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
An effective data or document management system for the project is critical to ensure data availability and consistency even after the project has been completed. Through an attached technical assistance, the project provided capacity development workshops to the Meghalaya State Skill Development Society and relevant government agencies in data collection, data consistency, and quality assurance.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Government schools need to be included in future similar projects. While government-aided private schools were included, it was not clear why government schools that required enhancement support the most were completely exempted from the project scope.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Upfront capacity development support before sanctioning project finance will help expedite project implementation. At appraisal, weak capacity of the executing agency was identified as among the key risks to the project. Capacity development support was provided through an attached technical assistance, which was also instrumental in putting the project on track after a significant startup delay. On hindsight, the delays may have been minimized if capacity development support was provided prior to loan approval.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR may have intended to mention in this section that the publication of these knowledge products increased the knowledge base of ADB on sector challenges, and provided government strategies on policy reforms, which led to the realization of two ADB loan projects in Pakistan. It was also vital in opening a dialogue between the governments of Sindh and Punjab for possible ADB assistance.

Project Number: 50311-001
Project Name: Education Sector Assessment
Report Date:
Lesson
This is external to ADB. The collaboration with two NGOs provided a platform to engage with key domestic stakeholders.

Project Number: 50311-001
Project Name: Education Sector Assessment
Report Date:
CSV