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Lesson
Inaccurate estimation of quantities in the detailed project reports (DPR), required for project processing in India, can raise project costs at the same time push back construction periods. There was a huge difference between actual quantity requirements based on site-specific conditions and those indicated in this project's DPRs. Because of insufficient estimations in the bill of quantities, contractors had to put a huge claim for the revision of rates and work quantity. Given this, care must be taken in preparing the DPR and estimating quantities.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Wide time gaps between the finalization of construction cost estimate, initiation of the bidding process, and awarding of contracts should be avoided as these could lead to time and cost overruns. There were significant time gaps of 4–5 years between the finalization of the DPRs, including cost estimates and the completion of the bidding process. Besides causing startup delays, this also led to higher contract costs in comparison to the engineering estimates.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate consideration of climatic constraints,working seasons in the project sites, difficult terrain, and availability of experienced local labor and construction materials can cause construction delays with implications on project implementation periods and costs .

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
A more comprehensive analysis of the road network is crucial to better understand the need for road improvements in given road corridors e.g., surface upgrades, widening, and new roads. While for consistency the project completion report replicated the methodology used during project appraisal, it is observed that traffic forecasts were based solely on economic growth projection of the gross domestic product, and the elasticity of traffic by vehicle type is not justified.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear sector assessment and plan can strategically enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of sector investments. The sustained government plan of the Prime Minister’s Rural Road Program (PMGSY) provided a strong foundation for the sector to have a clear set of subprojects and financing commitments from the government. In addition, its priority to operate and manage these roads sustainably led to a more relevant design focused on the non-physical component of investments—road management, road audit, and road safety.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Designing a project with an intention to conduct an impact evaluation can lead to a more conscious effort to design and establish a robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system where data can be available for such impact assessment. Additionally, having gender targets can help influence the M&E design to be gender inclusive.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Keeping track of the lessons and experience from past relevant interventions can generate rich knowledge and can inform future project designs. In addition, greater attention to understanding the capacities of stakeholders, particularly implementing agencies, is crucial in designing an appropriate implementation arrangement. For ADB, knowing the capacity of the implementing agencies can help better plan the needed support and provide more attention to those that require more support.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Better estimation of generated traffic based on "with project” and “without project” traffic forecasts help avoid overestimation of vehicle operating cost savings and, hence, overestimation of economic internal rate of returns.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance monitoring system (PPMS) often leads to inadequate data on project cost and benefits and development impacts, which are critical to project evaluations. At appraisal, establishment of a PPMS was not part of thisproject.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Preparing, reviewing, and monitoring project cost estimates contribute to a more efficient utilization of project funds. A more in-depth assessment and consideration of currency depreciation factors during project appraisal permits a more robust cost estimate. Under this project, a substantial loan amount was canceled because of the rupee depreciation against the US dollar. In-depth financial planning and cost projections coupled with risk mitigation measures allows for better utilization of loan proceeds.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate capacity to assess the bids and contracts increases procurement risks and results in implementation delays. It is imperative that borrower and/or the executing agencies conduct sufficient due diligence on the technical and financial qualifications of bidders to ensure that they can deliver the required works and contract obligations of the project. Such an examination prevents contracting low performing contractors.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained policy dialogues, close collaboration, and timely communication among stakeholders help ensure effective and smooth resolution of resettlement and compensation issues. It is vital to consider the concerns of local people and beneficiaries in the project design. The project conducted adequate consultation meetings, focus group discussions, and awareness campaigns among stakeholders. Grievances were resolved effectively through either official deliberation at grievance redress committees or preliminary informal meeting at the field level

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to obtain accurate information during the design and appraisal stage to help facilitate growth forecasts of traffic volumes. Such information provides a solid groundwork to assess a transport project’s economic viability and efficiency and helps underpin its rationale, scope, and implementation timeframe. Greater consideration on the survey or collection of traffic data is crucial in enhancing the quality of project-level economic analysis

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Poor quality detailed project reports (DPRs) have led to a host of problems, including cost escalation, delayed implementation, and increased land acquisition. Therefore, care should be taken while preparing DPRs to avoid issues during construction.

Project Number: 37143-023
Project Name: North Eastern State Roads Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Climatic constraints, available working seasons over the year, difficult terrain, availability of experienced local labor, and availability of construction materials need to be adequately considered in deciding the construction completion period. As this was not the case under the project, the Public Works Department was forced to extend the contracts' duration to be able to complete the civil works contracts.

Project Number: 37143-023
Project Name: North Eastern State Roads Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: