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Lesson
Ensuring that the design of the TA aligns with ADB strategic regional efforts is important in order for the TA to contribute to longer-term sustainable results. In this case, the TA was aligned with ADB strategies and policies on RCI, energy, and environment, as well as the national and regional policies and strategies of the SASEC member countries.

Project Number: 52070-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Regional Energy Cooperation
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Lesson
An established cooperation platform like the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) facilitates the design of a regional TA and is particularly helpful in ensuring that TA activities are well grounded, technically sound,and flexible. The TA design and planning process followed a comprehensive and collaborative approach, analyzing regional cooperation and integration (RCI) potential and challenges in the energy sector of the SASEC region, with extensive consultations undertaken among various stakeholders in each SASEC member country.

Project Number: 52070-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Regional Energy Cooperation
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Lesson
As school graduates compete for employment opportunities with students from other states in India, it is the comparative quality of education that determines their access to jobs and likely benefits from the project investments. Hence, focus on education quality should be a requisite in designing similar projects.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
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Lesson
Introducing any new procurement modality, such as the complex performance-based management contract (PBMC), creates implementation capacity issues. Initially, a water loss management contract under this project adopted the design-build–operate modality and was tendered out. Due to poor market response, the contract package was rebid. The executing agency (EA) modified the contract provisions to align with market needs and a PBMC package was successfully awarded in October 2016.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
Source sustainability issues leading to disruptions in the water supply and contributing to increases in nonrevenue water and infrastructure leakage index consequently impact service delivery and monitoring.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
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Lesson
Time overruns could occur because of (i) the introduction of a new contracting modality that require longer lead time and stronger staff capacity, (ii) rebids due to the termination of nonperforming contracts, and (iii) challenges in the management of contractual disputes.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
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Lesson
The achievement of project outcomes and outputs, and the development impact of the project demonstrates the effectiveness of water supply and sanitation projects to increase the economic welfare of the poorest and most disadvantaged people in a country.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
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Lesson
Urban–rural disparity in training outcomes can be wide, partly because of unequal access to industries and the wage labor market. The national apprenticeship scheme and industrial training institutes are closely linked with employers; the scheme has resulted in impressive employment rates. Skills training providers who cater to rural areas have the greatest challenge in creating jobs. Disadvantaged social groups are normally less involved in skills training.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
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Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated program approaches as well as long-term planning. The phased approach taken by this program proved most appropriate, allowing the step-by-step construction of various flood and riverbank erosion management (FRERM) structures while verifying innovative solutions and, in the process, strengthening state and local institutions.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Land acquisition should be embedded in transport policies. As of 2022, the Prime Minister's Rural Roads Program (PMGSY) was being implemented with no land acquisition. Where land is required, only voluntary-based possession is allowed. If sufficient land cannot be pooled on a voluntary basis, geometric design is being compromised. These locations may become accident black spots. Thus, policy amendment is needed in cases where sufficient land for improvement is unavailable voluntarily; permission should be granted for acquisition of land.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
The state government should institutionalize road safety training and awareness among drivers and other road users, to help reduce traffic accidents. The project incorporated several road safety features. Although these helped reduce fatal accidents, there is scope to do more to improve road safety. Common causes of accidents on good roads are negligent driving behavior, neglect of traffic rules, excessive speeding, and/or lack of road safety awareness among road users. These problems are further aggravated in mixed traffic conditions.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
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Lesson
To ensure project success, the commitment, ownership, and accountability of the executing agency are critical factors when formulating a project implementation plan. These need to be supported by adequate expertise and capacity of the agency in managing project implementation.

Project Number: 41614-013, 41614-036
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Enhancement Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility
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Lesson
The CPRO modality is deemed relevant, appropriate, and efficient for this program, as it allows DMCs to address spending requirements for health, social, and economic measures in response to the pandemic. Discussions with the government to align the modality with response measures facilitated critically needed fiscal stimulus to better manage the immediate economic and financial shocks created by the rapidly unfolding COVID-19 pandemic and an overwhelmed health care system.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
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Lesson
Providing technical assistance to strengthen the institutional capacity of newly established states, executing agencies, and implementing agencies is essential. Including capacity building activities could enable smooth project implementation, in line with ADB guidelines. However, a caveat is to avoid an optimistic assumption that the absorptive and implementation capacity of the executing and implementing agencies would achieve a significant improvement right after the technical assistance and capacity building activities.

Project Number: 37139-053
Project Name: Uttarakhand Power Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
It is important to have tranche-specific DMFs that are logical, with sound links of outcome and output targets that are formulated in line with the principle of being specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timebound. For a specific tranche, the outcome and output indicators can jointly work to reflect the appropriateness and continuum of the results chain leading up to the high-level development impacts that are most relevant to the scope and focus of the tranche.

Project Number: 37139-023
Project Name: Uttaranchal Power Sector Investment Program - Tranche 1
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