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Lesson
Given the range of physical, nonphysical, and capacity building activities throughout the project duration, the formulation of appropriate indicators measuring the project's outcomes should have been more realistic in line with the sequencing of project implementation activities. Much of the quality impacts, such as improved exam scores and employment rates, were beginning to take effect only toward the end of project implementation, following the completion of upgrading physical facilities, improvement of teachers' qualifications, and adoption of new teaching methods.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The delayed start of establishing EMIS (Education Management Information System) across model vocational schools prevented the adequate gathering of data throughout the project duration. Although an M&E specialist was also recruited to independently monitor and evaluate project activities, the project performance management system and specific measures for key output and outcome indicators were not all adequately developed. This makes it difficult to fully assess the progress of some indicators or the quality of outputs achieved.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for strong emphasis on establishing adequate O&M mechanisms to ensure sustainability of the built infrastructure. Lastly, more guidance is required from district administrations, consultants, and community facilitators to ensure that communities understand the importance of systematic maintenance.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective utilization of existing institutions avoided start-up problems and delays. This enabled the concerned agencies to immediately trigger implementation activities without waiting for a project management office to be set up. This was attributed to ADB’s own experience in implementing the previous PNPM Mandiri project.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 37475-013
Project Name: Madrasah Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective capacity building efforts are contingent on consistent supervision and support. High staff turnover among ADB’s project officers and district governments tended to hamper effective communication and rapport-building among stakeholders. Consequently, this disrupted efforts to promote decentralized basic education management. Means of effective transfer and sharing of knowledge through, for instance, continued training are imperative.

Project Number: 31137-013
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Good technological infrastructure at the school and district levels can help address concerns about data management. MONE has implemented the Dapodik online school database system. Schools are required regularly to submit data to this system. However, many schools do not have access to the internet to accomplish this task. School staff must also be capacitated to utilize this online database effectively. 102.

Project Number: 31137-013
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization of basic education can be bolstered through strong collaboration between MORA and MONE. To address the structural misalignment between MONE and MORA, the role of provincial governments in decentralized basic education should be strengthened, particularly in monitoring and evaluation. The Indonesian government appears to be moving toward intensifying the delegation of authority to provincial governments in basic education.

Project Number: 31137-013
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project yielded the following insights for similar, future community-driven development projects: (i) Inclusive involvement of community members in decision making and implementation of infrastructure projects is needed to ensure ownership and transparency. (ii) Community facilitators and consultants must be well selected so that only qualified and committed personnel are deployed to support communities in the empowerment process and on technical matters.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
The growing evidence that community-driven development approaches deliver investments that greatly impact beneficiaries in a cost-effective manner is presumably applicable to situations where it is feasible and economical for beneficiaries to observe project activities.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure government ownership and good management. Government ownership and good management are essential. Ministry of Religious Affairs demonstrated strong ownership of the project by making sufficient financial, human, and technical resources available in a timely manner. Good coordination and communication among all project stakeholders, i.e., ADB, government agencies, madrasahs, consultants, and communities, are key factors in the success of the project.

Project Number: 37475-013
Project Name: Madrasah Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Involving the beneficiaries at all stages of planning and implementation of upgrading activities and promoting inclusive community empowerment are critical in ensuring pro-poor investments and sustainability.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Substantial evidence demonstrates that community-driven development (CDD) approaches are more effective than other approaches to basic infrastructure development. Evidence also indicates that CDD is likely to offer better cost recovery and maintenance of completed infrastructure facilities and services because of the strong sense of ownership of the community members. In addition, CDD leads to better accountability. Transparency in decision making and procurement and increased use of audits have demonstrably reduced corruption and leakage of public funds.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community facilitators must be qualified and committed, and enough time must be set aside for community empowerment activities, to ensure that community members are sufficiently involved in prioritizing their needs, developing investment proposals, and making decisions. [Main text, para. 65(ii)]

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project framework was not stressed sufficiently by ADB during loan implementation. As a result, the government and the central facilitation unit were not fully aware of all of the objectives of the project. Further, as district project management teams were under considerable political pressure to accelerate the implementation of project activities, the project came to be viewed primarily as a funding mechanism and the emphasis on district capacity development tended to be lost.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date: