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Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The intended program outcome of achieving fiscal sustainability was overambitious, given the historically slow pace of reforms in the Republic of Marshall Islands and in other countries facing fragile situations. Moving forward with the reforms needed to fully deliver the program outputs required approval of three key pieces of enabling legislation, but the program design did not take into account the likelihood of a lengthy parliamentary approval process and underestimated the political opposition such reforms might encounter.

Project Number: 43321-013, 43321-023
Project Name: Public Sector Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy dialogue required on-the-ground support from ADB. Establishment of the ADB development coordination office in November 2011 played a key role in forging policy dialogue, although this was undertaken issue-by-issue (expenditure management, taxation, and state-owned enterprise reform) rather than through a holistic approach. Other development partners also provided substantial support for public sector reform in the Republic of Marshall Islands, but the coordinated dialogue with government that has been used successfully in programs elsewhere in the Pacific was missing.

Project Number: 43321-013, 43321-023
Project Name: Public Sector Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
All Pacific developing member countries, including the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI), have great difficulty implementing policies to support long-term adjustments. The program included several line expenditure conditions under output 2 that the government struggled to implement and monitor (para. 16). In the end, the government decided to make across-the-board expenditure cuts rather than the targeted cuts proposed under the program. The condition targets were related to budget estimates rather than budget outturns.

Project Number: 43321-013, 43321-023
Project Name: Public Sector Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
The program's DMF was overambitious (para. 8) and, based on ADB guidelines for DMF preparation could have been correctly recast to make the outcome the intended impact and output 1 the intended outcome. The outcome and impact statements and indicators and targets in a DMF need to be realistic and take into account the country context. [Main text, para. 38]

Project Number: 43321-013, 43321-023
Project Name: Public Sector Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
The establishment of skills standards was one of the main thrusts of the project which was not attained in view of weak capacity. As such, a phased approach could have been useful to take into account the limited technical capacity to formulate and implement skills standards, testing, and certification of trained workers. This could have been undertaken under a separate program prior to the project, covering a longer period of time and targeting priority employment areas.

Project Number: 33166-013
Project Name: The Marshall Islands: Skills Training and Vocational Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation was hampered by inadequate training of teachers despite the conduct of local trainings and enrollment in a master’s degree program. At project completion, there was still a significant lack of qualified applicants to fill available teaching posts. These trainings lacked strategic direction. An institutionalized professional development program for TVET teachers could have been developed as part of project design instead of individualized and one-time training programs.

Project Number: 33166-013
Project Name: The Marshall Islands: Skills Training and Vocational Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need to assess TVET’s linkages with basic education (elementary and secondary) and how it feeds into tertiary and voc-tech education and subsequently into the labor market to improve the quality and delivery of TVET. In particular, it is important to focus on the poor quality of education gained by students emerging from elementary and secondary levels. Before entering into any TVET project, it is essential to ensure quality basic education.

Project Number: 33166-013
Project Name: The Marshall Islands: Skills Training and Vocational Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-coordinated institutional arrangement among concerned agencies and institutions could have been in place before project appraisal. The institutional environment at that time was characterized by unclear mandates and overlapping roles and responsibilities and low staff absorption capacity for the planned activities. These led to uncoordinated and poorly planned trainings, improper sequencing of training programs, and duplication of efforts and use of resources.

Project Number: 33166-013
Project Name: The Marshall Islands: Skills Training and Vocational Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a project steering committee is challenging where separate development partner committees already exist to oversee arrangements for Pacific countries.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
An executing agency's ability to implement project activities within set timeframes is diluted where there is limited PMU capacity, a lack of experience with ADB procedures, and inadequate executive oversight.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
Report Date: