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Lesson
Simple technology and small systems are more sustainable, as operation and maintenance (O&M) responsibility for rural water supply is assigned to the community and VMWs are able to maintain these systems with limited technical skills.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Public-private partnership is an effective approach to promote private sector participation in the livestock subsector. This has been demonstrated by the successful operation of project-assisted meat and dairy shops, abattoirs, paravets, and veterinarians.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Privatization of public sector enterprises is not sufficient to achieve growth in the dairy industry. Strong links with milk-producing farmers and cooperatives are needed to ensure uninterrupted milk supplies to milk processors, achieve full capacity, and maximize investment benefits.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Poverty mapping was a useful tool to determine the beneficiaries and suitable ways to involve them in project activities. However, to include women and the disadvantaged in commercial processing and marketing enterprises that require more resources and better skills, alternative approaches are needed, such as organizing skills training in their areas of interest, easing access to institutional loans on a group guarantee basis, and establishing links with marketing institutions.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Rural Microfinance Development Center (RMDC)-supported microfinance institutions (MFIs) were successful in delivering loans and ensuring timely repayment in areas with enough opportunities to earn daily wages. However, for areas without such opportunities, farmer cooperatives should be developed to deliver loans. These cooperatives have low overheads and function even in adverse geographic and political conditions because of their community ownership.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective implementation of laws and regulations on operation of slaughterhouses coupled with a consumer awareness program are essential to improve hygienic meat processing and marketing, and optimize benefits from project support.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In community-based projects, water user and sanitation committees (WUSCs) can act as reliable facilitators between the project and beneficiaries. The participation of local communities during both design and implementation is crucial for project sustainability and effective project implementation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Team leader inputs should be adequately provisioned in engineering and design consultant contracts to ensure timely technical support and advice for town projects to facilitate timely decisions.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community organizations require continued support during and after the transition to the post-construction period to ensure the sustainability of water supply facilities. Capacity development needs to cover not only the technical aspects of operation and maintenance (O&M) but also financial management, water demand management through public awareness campaigns, and the protection of water sources including water conservation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A unit to provide technical support to WUSCs should be established in an early stage of the project, and the staff of WUSCs should be trained throughout the project implementation period, rather than just at the end. ADB should be more involved in ensuring that appropriate mechanisms for providing technical support are in place and that the unit's capacity is strengthened. Five regional technical support centers were established very late in the project, and only one center was staffed by two people, who do not know how to operate some of the equipment.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective orientation programs on project approaches, implementation modalities, and the roles of stakeholders contribute to successful project implementation. Implementation partners should be well informed on the approaches and strategies of the project prior to implementation.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All components of projects should be treated as important and monitored from the early stages of project implementation. The difficulty of establishing technical support centers in five development regions of Nepal under the technical support components was mainly because the executing agency (EA) accorded them low priority and ADB did not follow up sufficiently.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project design should accommodate the complexity of community participation and the time it requires. Adequate attention should be paid to capacity development in communities to ensure the sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) facilities.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive and thorough investigations of potential project sites need to be carried out to the extent possible during feasibility studies and detailed design to ensure that designs are appropriate. Experience shows that design shortcomings have caused significant implementation delays and numerous contract variations.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better linkage between health outcomes and WSS outputs should be promoted in WSS projects by including sanitation, hygiene, and health promotion activities in project design.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date: