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Lesson
The design and monitoring frameworks (DMFs) of the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO) extracted aspects of the government’s response plan that were important to ADB and restricted the number of indicators and targets in order not to burden the government. However, this made demonstrating outcome-level achievement difficult because it relies too much on one or two indicators and targets (weak horizontal logic) and is narrowly and inadequately supported by a minimal number of outputs (weak vertical logic).

Project Number: 54178-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Guidance for completing CPRO DMFs underscored the dynamic nature of a crisis operation and the need to be prepared to strengthen, amend or add DMF indicators during implementation. The fact that this was not followed reflects a built-in lack of flexibility with DMFs (and perhaps the difficulty of making changes in accordance with existing Project Administration Instructions).

Project Number: 54178-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong government commitment and ownership are crucial to the quality of project preparation and sustainability. Specifically, establishing a clear institutional arrangement (such as, which agency performs the routine and periodic maintenance, among other things) and sound operation and maintenance strengthens the funding mechanisms of the project after completion. In this project, the government showed a high degree of ownership in ensuring that adequate budgetary sources are in place to ensure the financing of routine road maintenance.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-004
Project Name: Second Road Network Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranches 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project highlighted the importance of safeguarding the nation’s wealth fund (State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan or SOFAZ) to ensure that social programs and development priorities are sustained. In times when the nation’s wealth fund can be compromised due to external factors, exploring and pursuing viable funding options to meet the government’s financial obligations can ease pressures on the use of the fund other than its intended purposes.

Project Number: 49451-002
Project Name: Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Design and monitoring framework (DMF) indicators that are specific and clear facilitate better assessment of project achievements. Targets that are achievable within the project timeline contributes to the quality of the project design and monitoring.

Project Number: 49451-002
Project Name: Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome indicators that do not measure the achievement of outcomes and that are only indirectly linked to the desired outcomes weaken the attainment of objectives.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome objectives did not directly link to policy actions and to outputs and therefore were not attained. If the outcome objectives are not closely linked to outputs and are overly ambitious, it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory outcome.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
a detailed design and implementation assessment enhances the project’s success, especially for projects that help provide shipping services to outlying and remote island communities. ADB has experience in this with two projects in the Pacific region that were to provide shipping services to outlying and remote island communities—this one that is under validation while the other is the Community Water Transport Project in Papua New Guinea.16 However, both projects were rated less than successful, which indicate endemic issues with their design and implementation.

Project Number: 40263-022
Project Name: Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to properly sequence the implementation of technical assistance so it could provide its inputs to the project in a timely manner. According to the project completion report, the delay in the development of the National Transport Plan supported by the project preparatory TA affected project implementation as projects sites were required to be included in the plan prior to implementation.

Project Number: 40263-022
Project Name: Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring adequate project performance monitorng system (PPMS) design—along with collection of baseline data at project preparation phase—supports effective monitoring of a project’s performance. Although establishing a PPMS was covenanted in the grant agreement, the PPMS was ineffective in providing the data required for calculation of economic internal rate of return. The lack of data indicates that the PPMS was inappropriately designed and that a greater focus on the PPMS design at project preparation is needed. For

Project Number: 40263-022
Project Name: Domestic Maritime Support (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Single-tranche and stand-alone policy-based programs can be an appropriate instrument to support reforms in fragile states provided that (i) these take place in the context of an ongoing, long-term development partnership; and (ii) there is a demonstrated government commitment to pursue substantial reforms over an extended time frame. Moreover, such programs need to be supported by ongoing capacity development in key agencies. In fragile states, the risks to implementing and sustaining reforms are amplified by external shocks and natural disasters.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The formal government and development partner coordination mechanisms offer the opportunity to reduce transaction costs for all parties and increase the likelihood of a good quality program design and implementation. In the case of Solomon Islands, it utilized a wellestablished coordination mechanism to undertake policy dialogue, to design a program that is responsive to the country’s needs, and to jointly oversee program implementation.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Exercising greater care in estimating traffic demand projections is of utmost importance. Overly optimistic forecasts of traffic volumes can stem from using outdated or arbitrary parameters and unrealistic assumptions. For instance, elasticity values of road transport demand may have changed over time. Also, the use of national GDP as a proxy for economic activities at the regional or local level could result in unrealistic traffic forecasts. Both of these could lead to an overly designed project.

Project Number: 39176-013
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 4)
Report Date:
Lesson
Program preparation stage benefits from upfront capacity development. Specifically, institutional capacity assessment of executing and implementing agencies at the onset is vital in planning for appropriate measures to support the agencies during the program. Technical assistance for capacity building helps complement such assessments by filling in gaps in capacity to enhance their financial, procurement, and technical capacity skills.

Project Number: 39176-013
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 4)
Report Date:
Lesson
A road transport program benefits from a solid engineering design undertaken during project preparatory stage. For instance, the detailed design, based on a precise analysis (e.g., technical inputs, standards specifications, and cost estimates, among other things) helps minimize potential cost overrun that often result to implementation delays. Moreover, design details could benefit from reliable traffic forecasts (i.e., use of reliable income elasticities of demand) and adequate surveys, including geological hazards.

Project Number: 39176-043
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date: